黄腐酸和牛粪添加对沙湾棉田磷素状况和棉花产量的影响

Effects of Fulvic Acid and Cow Dung on Phosphorus Status and Cotton Yield in Shawan Cotton Field

为了明确牛粪和黄腐酸添加对棉花不同生育期土壤磷素有效性、植株吸磷量和籽棉产量的影响,在新疆沙湾县新疆农业大学棉花育种基地设置不施磷肥对照(CK)、施磷肥(P 2O 5)150 kg/hm 2(TSP150)、施磷肥100 kg/hm 2(TSP100)、施磷肥100 kg/hm 2添加牛粪15000 kg/hm 2(TSP100+OF)、施用磷肥100 kg/hm 2添加黄腐酸40 kg/hm 2(TSP100+OA)处理,在不同生育期测定土壤速效磷、植株生物量和含磷量、籽棉产量等指标,计算棉田磷肥利用率和磷素平衡。结果表明,黄腐酸处理的土壤有效磷含量显著高于对照处理(P<0.05);牛粪处理的棉花磷素吸收量最高,与对照处理存在显著差异(P<0.05)。牛粪和黄腐酸处理的棉花产量与对照处理比分别增加20.2%与22.3%,牛粪和黄腐酸均可达到减磷增效的调控作用。

In order to clarify the impact of the addition of cattle manure and fulvic acid on soil phosphorus availability,plant phosphorus uptake and seed cotton yield at different growth stages of cotton,a non-phosphorus fertilizer control(CK)was set at the cotton breeding base of Xinjiang Agricultural University in Shawan County,Xinjiang.During the process of the experiment,phosphate fertilizer 150 kg/hm 2(TSP150),phosphate fertilizer 100 kg/hm 2(TSP100)and additional amount of cow dung 15000 kg/hm 2(TSP100+OF),and phosphate fertilizer and additional of fulvic acid 40 kg/hm 2(TSP100+OA)were applied to determine the soil available phosphorus,plant biomass and phosphorus content,seed cotton yield and to calculate the phosphorus utilization rate and phosphate equilibria in cotton fields.The results showed that the available phosphorus content in the soil under organic acid treatment was significantly higher than that in the control treatment(P<0.05);Cotton under the cow dung treatment had the highest phosphorus uptake,which was significantly different from the control treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the control treatment,the cotton yield under cow dung and fulvic acid treatment was increased by 20.2%and 22.3%,respectively,from which it can be seen that both cow dung and fulvic acid can achieve the regulation effect of reducing phosphorus and increasing efficiency.