线粒体DNA在先天性免疫中的作用

The Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Innate Immunity

线粒体是细胞内重要的细胞器,具有多种功能,是细胞的能量工厂。线粒体含有自己的遗传物质线粒体DNA,线粒体DNA因其在氧化磷酸化中的作用而广为人知。近年来,越来越多的研究表明线粒体DNA可作为先天性免疫系统的激动剂,并在病原体感染和炎性疾病的病理发展中起重要作用。线粒体DNA在进入细胞质或细胞外环境后,可以激活多种先天性免疫系统的模式识别受体,从而触发促炎细胞因子分泌和Ⅰ型干扰素反应。因此,本文就线粒体DNA激活先天性免疫的机制以及其在病原体感染和相关疾病发生发展中的作用进行讨论、总结,以期为进一步深入开展线粒体DNA在病原体感染及相关疾病中的作用及其机制研究提供理论依据。

Mitochondria are important cellular organelles involved in many different functions and are known as the energy factory of cells.Mitochondria maintain their genetic material,mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA),mtDNA is widely known for its role in oxidative phosphorylation.In recent years,increasing researches show that mtDNA acts as an agonist of the innate immune system and plays an important role in the pathogen infection and the pathologic development of inflammatory diseases.On entering the cytoplasm or extracellular environment,mtDNA can engage multiple pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system to trigger pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and typeⅠinterferon response.This review summarizes the mechanism of mtDNA to activate innate immunity and its role in the pathogenesis of infection and related diseases,the purpose is to provide theoretical basis for further research on the role and mechanism of mtDNA in pathogen infection and related diseases.