燕麦种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性的鉴定评价

Identification and Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits in Oat Germplasm Resources

为了解燕麦(Avena sativa L.)种质资源在江淮地区农艺性状上的差异,本试验对141份燕麦种质资源的14个主要农艺性状进行遗传多样性分析、主成分分析以及聚类分析。结果表明:供试燕麦种质的遗传多样性指数较高,多样性指数最高的为单株鲜重,其次为单株干重和千粒重,分别为2.64,2.48,2.33;供试燕麦种质间千粒重和穗粒数的差异较大,变异系数分别为29.46%和24.47%。根据燕麦种质性状间的遗传差异,通过对14个主要农艺性状进行聚类分析把141份燕麦种质划分为3大种质群。种质群Ⅰ可作为选育特异性株高和小穗材料的亲本;种质群Ⅱ可用来选育高产饲草材料;种质群Ⅲ可以作为选育饲用籽粒材料的亲本。10个数量性状主成分分析得到的4个主成分因子累计贡献率达69.609%,第1主成分反映草产量,第2主成分反映形态性状,第3,4主成分分别反映籽粒特性和籽粒产量。

Genetic diversity analysis,principal component and cluster analysis were performed on 141 accessions of hulled and naked oat to investigate genetic diversity of agronomic character in Jianghuai areas.The results showed that the genetic diversity index of all traits were relatively large.Fresh weight of plant had the highest genetic diversity index,followed by dry weight of plant and thousand grain weight,which were 2.64,2.48 and 2.33,respectively;The coefficient of variation of thousand grain weight and number of spikelet were 29.46%and 24.47%respectively.According to genetic difference of each characteristic among varieties,the 141 accessions could be classified into 3 categories by cluster analysis.The first group could be used as parents of specific plant height and spikelet objectives,the second group could be used as parents of high-yield breeding objectives,the third group could be used as parents of seed yield objectives.The principal component analysis on quantitative characters showed that the accumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components accounted for 69.609%of the total variation,the first principal component mainly reflected the yield,while the second principal component reflected the morphological characters.The third and fourth principal component reflected characteristics of seed and seed yield,respectively.