北京市高龄老年人的心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the mental health status and its influencing factors of the elderly in Beijing

目的探讨北京市万寿路街道高龄老年人的心理健康状况,并分析影响心理健康的因素。方法采用整群抽样法抽取2019年2月-2020年2月北京市万寿路社区高龄老年人(≥80岁)共435名作为调查对象,并使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估高龄老年人的心理状况,分析高龄老年人心理健康的影响因素。结果435例高龄老年人中,SCL-90检测出总阳性(有心理健康问题)85例,占19.54%。10个因子中,阳性检出率最高的是躯体化(40.92%),其他(反映睡眠及饮食状况)、强迫症状和抑郁阳性检出率分别为25.52%、23.91%、23.45%。单因素结果分析显示,不同心理健康状况高龄老年人性别、体重指数(BMI)、文化程度、家庭人均年收入、家庭经济状况自评、居住情况、家庭关系、合并慢性基础疾病比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素二元logistic逐步回归模型显示,BMI>24.0 kg/m^2(OR=0.619)、文化程度低(OR=10.262)、家庭经济一般(OR=0.401)、家庭关系一般(OR=0.418)和合并慢性基础疾病种类>2种(OR=0.899)是影响高龄老年人心理健康的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高龄老年人心理健康主要受BMI、文化程度、家庭经济状况、家庭关系和合并慢性基础疾病的影响。

Objective To discuss the mental health status of the elderly in Wanshoulu Street,Beijing,and to analyze the factors that affect their mental health.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 435 elderly people(≥80 years old)in Wanshoulu Community,Beijing from February 2019 to February 2020 as the survey subjects,and the symptom check list 90(SCL-90)was used to assess the psychological status of the elderly,while the influencing factors of the mental health of the elderly were analyzed.Results Among the 435 cases of elderly people,85 cases(with mental health problems)were detected by SCL-90,accounting for 19.54%.Among the 10 factors,the highest positive detection rate was somatization(40.92%),and the positive detection rates of others(reflecting sleep and diet),obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depression were 25.52%,23.91%and 23.45%,respectively.Single factor analysis showed that the differences in gender,body mass index(BMI),education level,family per capita annual income,self-evaluation of family economic status,living situation,family relations,and combined with chronic underlying disease between different mental health status of the elderly with chronic underlying diseases were statistically significant(P<0.05).The multivariate binary logistic stepwise regression model showed that BMI>24.0 kg/m^2(OR=0.619),low education level(OR=10.262),average family economy(OR=0.401),average family relationship(OR=0.418)and combined the types of chronic underlying diseases>2(OR=0.899)were risk factors affecting the mental health of the elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion The mental health of the elderly is mainly affected by BMI,education level,family economic status,family relationship and combined chronic underlying diseases.