中东欧国家与冷战后北约的新变化

Central and Eastern European Countries and Changes of NATO after the Cold War

冷战结束后,北约并未因对手的消失而瓦解,而是通过扩大组织、出台新战略和实施新行动找到生存依据并获得新的发展。在北约的新扩大、新战略和新行动中,中东欧国家不管是主动参与还是被动接受,都起到了不可低估的作用。中东欧国家的加入令北约成员国从16个增至30个,拓展了北约的疆域。东欧剧变带来的国际局势的变化,特别是前南斯拉夫地区发生的战争促使北约提出新的战略概念,波黑战争、科索沃战争和马其顿危机更是成为北约新战略的试验场。中东欧国家参与了北约在波黑、科索沃、阿富汗和伊拉克的行动以及乌克兰危机发生后针对俄罗斯的军事部署,做出独有的贡献。同时,中东欧国家的加入也给北约在决策效率、行动能力、责任分担和价值观方面带来新的挑战。不过,由于中东欧国家的军事力量和国家实力有限,在北约内部的影响力不大,这些挑战不足以危及北约的生存。

Although its opponent has disappeared,NATO did not collapse after the Cold War.Rather,it survived and maintained good development by accepting new members,proposing new strategies and implementing new operations.In NATO's new expansion,new strategies,and new actions,Central and Eastern European countries have played an important role.The accession of these countries increased the number of NATO members from 16 to 30 and expanded its territory a lot.The situations brought by the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe,especially the Yugoslav Wars,prompted NATO to propose new strategic concepts.Further,the Bosnia-Herzegovina War,Kosovo War and Macedonian crisis became the testing grounds for NATO's strategies.Central and Eastern European countries have participated in NATO operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Kosovo,Afghanistan,and Iraq,as well as military deployments against Russia after the Ukrainian crisis,and made unique contributions.At the same time,the accession of Central and Eastern European countries have also brought new challenges to NATO in terms of decision-making efficiency,action capacity,responsibility sharing and values.But given their military and national strength,these countries have limited influence within NATO and their entry will not endanger NATO's survival and development.