基于通勤特征的郑州市职住空间关系研究

Study on the spatial relationship between work and residence in Zhengzhou based on commuting characteristics

基于居民通勤交通出行调查数据及相关统计数据,采用就业—居住比、独立指数及平均通勤距离、通勤时间等指标,分析郑州市各分区的职住结构特征及职住平衡状况。研究结果表明:郑州的职住空间关系整体呈现非平衡状态,城市各分区职住空间结构存在较大差异,其中上街区、金水区和惠济区的职住独立指数较高,具有相对较好的职住自足性;中原区、二七区、管城区几个老城区的职住独立指数偏低,属于居住集中型的区域;高新区、经开区等新发展区则属于单一就业型的区域。造成郑州市职住分离的因素主要是城市分区功能失衡;此外,由城市住房建设和房地产市场发展带来的居住空间分异也是加剧职住分离的重要因素。

The balance between occupation and housing is an important index to measure the rationality of the spatial structure of urban land use,as well as an important basis for formulating urban planning plans and relevant policies.Based on the survey data of residents’commuting traffic,the employment-residence ratio,independent index,average commuting distance,commuting time and other indicators were mainly adopted to analyze the spatial structure characteristics of occupation and residence as well as the balance of occupation and residence in each district of Zhengzhou.The results show that the spatial relationship between occupation and housing in Zhengzhou is unbalanced on the whole,and the spatial structure of occupation and housing in different regions varies greatly.The independent index of occupation and residence in Zhongyuan,Erqi and Guancheng district is low,which belongs to the area with concentrated residence.The high-tech district,economic development district belong to the region of single employment.The main factors causing the separation of occupation and residence are the imbalance of urban zoning function.In addition,the difference of living space caused by urban housing construction and real estate market is also an important factor that aggravates the separation of employment and housing.Finally,in order to promote the balance between occupation and housing,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the aspects of urban planning policy,transportation planning and housing planning and construction.