苹果园施用高效氯氰菊酯对施药人员的暴露量及健康风险评估

Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Beta-Cypermethrin During Application in Apple Orchard

[目的]研究苹果园施用高效氯氰菊酯对施药人员的暴露水平及健康风险评估。[方法]采用担架柱塞泵式喷雾器进行人工喷雾,在苹果树果园中施用高效氯氰菊酯乳油,通过全身整体取样方法对施药者的外部与内部实验服等暴露量进行分析,研究苹果园施用高效氯氰菊酯对操作人员的暴露风险。[结果]施药者的下裤外部的单位暴露量最高为396.60 mg/kg,手套内部的暴露量最低为5.38 mg/kg,外衣前胸、外衣下裤和手套3个部位是最主要的暴露部位,约占暴露总量的60%以上。施药人员的健康风险系数超出正常风险值4倍,表明健康风险不可接受。[结论]在多年生的苹果园采用担架柱塞泵式喷雾器进行人工喷施高效氯氰菊酯乳油时,人体暴露量较高,存在一定的安全隐患,在施药时应注意对器械进行检查以及穿戴好防护措施,最终降低暴露风险。

[Aims] This study aims to evaluate the exposure level of human to lambda-cyhalothrin and health risks during application in apple field. [Methods] Beta-cypermethrin EC was applied by using stretcher plunger pump sprayer in apple orchard, then the applicator’s external and internal laboratory uniform exposure was monitored using whole-body dosimetry and the subsequent exposure risk was assessed. [Results] The maximum unit exposure outside the lower pants was 396.60 mg/kg, the minimum exposure inside the gloves was 5.38 mg/kg, the three parts of the front of the coat, under the coat pants and gloves are the most exposed parts, accounting for more than 60% of the total exposure. The health risk factor of the applicator was four times higher than the normal risk value, which indicates an unacceptable health risk. [Conclusions] When stretcher plunger pump sprayers were used to artificially spray high efficiency cypermethrin in perennial apple orchard, human exposure was high, with certain safety hazards. Attention should be paid to the equipment inspection and wear protective measures during application, ultimately reducing the risk of exposure.