不同修剪树形和修剪季节对山阳县核桃生长与产量的影响

Effect of Different Pruning and Pruning Seasons on the Growth and Production of Walnut in Shanyang

修剪是培养核桃丰产树形及高产稳产的主要技术手段。针对山阳县核桃栽植中核桃修剪技术示范,并导致果品产量、品质不高的问题,2016-2019年,在不同地形(岭南岭北川道、潜山、中高山)条件开展了不同修剪季节(春季、夏季、秋季)和不同方式(矮冠紧促圆头形、自然开心形)对核桃生长与产量的影响试验,结果为在当年枝条长度方面,2种修剪方式之间及在岭南修剪与不修剪之间差别都很小,在岭北修剪可以促进当年生枝条生长,作用依次为秋季修剪>春季修剪>夏季修剪;在座果率方面,修剪与不修剪,3种修剪时间以及矮冠紧促圆头形与自然开心形之间差别都很小;单产方面3个时间修剪比不修剪提高38.3%~84.6%,其中秋季效果最好,其次为春季,矮冠紧促圆头形优于自然开心形。建议山阳县核桃栽植采取秋冬季、矮冠紧促圆头形修剪。

Pruning is the main technical measure to ensure a high-yield production tree shape and a stable production.In light of the problems existed in the pruning and issues concerning low quality of products,experiment with two different pruning methods(narrow and low crown,and natural openness)at different seasons(Spring,Summer and Autumn)and different site positions(north slope,lower mountains and middle to high mountains)were conducted to see the output of walnut.The result showed that branch growth of current year by two pruning methods have narrow difference.Trees in the north of slope have been promoted at branch growth;autumn pruning had most favorable effect,followed by Spring pruning and Summer pruning.Fruit setting rate had slight difference among both pruning methods and pruning seasons.Single tree productions in pruning at three different seasons were improved ranging from 38.3%to 84.6%,with best performance in Autumn pruning followed by Spring pruning and in pruning method of narrow and low crown.