ICU清醒住院患者口干真实体验的质性研究

Qualitative study on the real experience of thirst in clear-headed ICU patients

目的了解ICU患者口干的真实体验及需求,以期为后续解决患者口干症状感受提供可靠依据。方法对2019年3—7月本院综合ICU病房清醒危重症患者进行深度访谈,运用现象学Colaizzi的7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果当访谈至第14位患者,继续增加2例受访者未出现新的主题。采用类属分析法提炼出14位ICU患者在监护室期间口干痛苦感受方面4个主题:ICU患者多数存在口干问题;ICU患者在特殊治疗期间口干不被发现;口干感受给患者带来不适和不同程度痛苦;ICU口干患者存在自我应对方式;与患者体会护士关怀涉及2个主题:新环境下口干患者寻求帮助的可得性;ICU患者期待有效方式应对口干问题。结论ICU患者常经受口干痛苦的困扰,面对新环境新角色的变化,患者内心情绪复杂,监护护士应主动关心患者口干症状并给予有效干预,促进其身心康复。

Objective To understand the real experience and needs of ICU patients with xerostomia,so as to provide reliable basis for the follow-up treatment of dry mouth symptoms.Methods From March to July 2019,in depth interviews were conducted among the clear-headed critical patients in ICU ward of a tertiary hospital,and the data were analyzed by using the phenomenological Colaizzi seven step analysis method.Results When the 14th patient was interviewed,there were 2 more interviewees and no new topic appeared.Four themes were extracted from the 14 ICU patients with xerostomia in the intensive care unit by generic analysis:most of the ICU patients had Xerostomia;ICU patients did not find xerostomia during special treatment;xerostomia brought discomfort and varying degrees of pain to patients;there were self-coping styles in ICU patients;and two topics were involved in understanding nurse care on patients:the availability of patients seeking help for xerostomia in the new environment;ICU patients expect for effective ways to deal with problem of xerostomia.Conclusions ICU patients often suffer from xerostomia.Facing the changes of new environment and new role,the patients'inner emotions are complex.Therefore,nurses should take the initiative care for the symptoms of xerostomia and give effective intervention to promote their physical and mental recovery.