早熟核桃‘盐源早’的引种试验初报

Preliminary Report on Introduction Experiment of Early-maturing Walnut‘Yanyuanzao’

为筛选适合贵州核桃主产区种植的早熟鲜食核桃品种,从四川盐源县引进性状表现优良的‘盐源早’穗条,嫁接在贵州原产4年生核桃砧木上,进行了区域适应试验和品种比较试验,从物候期表现、产量、果实和坚果品质以及抗性等几个方面进行了研究。结果表明与贵州优质核桃晚熟品种‘黔核7号’相比,‘盐源早’有成熟早、果个大、单果较重、产量较高、抗性相近的特点;其在花溪、兴义、水城和赫章均可种植,但赫章地区的早熟特性表现不明显,其他各项经济指标与原产地基本相同。因此,‘盐源早’在贵州雨热条件较好的核桃产区可以进行中试试验。

In order to select the early maturing fresh walnut cultivar which was suitable for planting in the main walnut producing areas in Guizhou Province,the‘Yanyuanzao’cuttings with excellent traits were introduced from Yanyuan County,Sichuan Province,and grafted on the 4-year-old walnut rootstocks originated in Guizhou Province.The regional adaptation test and cultivar comparison test were carried out from several aspects such as the phenological performance,yield,fruit and nut quality and resistance.The results showed that‘Yanyuanzao’has the characteristics of earlier maturity,larger fruit,heavier single fruit,higher yield and similar resistance compared with Guizhou's high-quality late-maturing walnut variety‘Qianhe 7’,it could be planted in Huaxi,Xingyi,Shuicheng and Hezhang,but the precocity characteristics of Hezhang area were not obvious,and other economic indicators were basically the same as those of‘Qianhe 7’.Therefore,the pilot test of‘Yanyuanzao’can be carried out in walnut production areas with better rain and heat conditions in Guizhou.