白木通果实不同生育时期植株不同部位矿质元素含量变化分析

Analysis of Mineral Element Content Changes in Different Parts of Plants at Different Growth Stages of Akebia trifoliate Fruit

探索白木通果实不同生育时期植株不同部位矿质元素变化特性和相关性,为白木通栽培及科学施肥提供参考。采用凯氏定氮法测定白木通果实不同生育时期嫩茎、叶片和果实中的全氮含量,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定P、K、Ca等11种矿质元素含量,利用显著性、动态变化和相关性分析等分析方法,对白木通果实不同生育时期嫩茎、叶片和果实中的不同矿质元素含量及变化特性进行比较分析。在白木通果实形成的整个周期中,叶片中N、Mg、Al、Ca、Fe、Mn和B元素含量较高,果实中P、K、Cu、Na、Fe、B和Zn元素含量较高,嫩茎中各元素相对较低。在植株各部位中,N和K含量先下降后上升,Ca含量刚好相反,Fe、Al和Mn含量呈现波动性变化,而P、Mg、Na、Cu、Zn和B含量总体变化相对平稳。相关性分析结果表明,在白木通茎、叶和果中,除了果实中K元素外,N、P、K间含量均表现出极显著正相关,N、P、K含量与Ca含量均呈现出不同程度的负相关;嫩茎中N、P、Ca、Fe元素和对应的叶片中矿质元素含量呈显著正相关。白木通果实发育形成期不同部位矿质元素含量差异明显,具有规律性的动态变化。在白木通施肥过程中,基肥中控制Ca、Mg、Mn含量有利于植株对N、P和K的吸收,可通过增施叶面肥来提高叶片中Na、Cu、Zn元素的含量,在果实膨大期追施Mg、Fe、Mn等肥料可促进果实发育。

To explore the characteristics and correlation of mineral elements in different parts of plant at the different growth stages of Akebia trifoliate,and provide a reference for the cultivation and scientific fertilization of A.trifoliate.The total nitrogen contents in young stems,leaves and fruits of A.trifoliate formation were analyzed by using Kjeldahl method,and the contents of 11 mineral elements such as P,K,Ca were detected using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer.Analysis methods such as significance,dynamic change and correlation analysis were used to compare and analyze the content and change characteristics at different mineral elements in the young stems,leaves and fruits of A.trifoliate during its formation.The results showed that during the whole period of fruit formation of A.trifoliate,the content of N,Mg,Al,Ca,Fe,Mn and B in the leaves was higher,and the content of P,K,Cu,Na,Fe,B and Zn in the fruit was higher,but each element in the young stem was relatively lower.In each part of the plant,the contents of N and K first decreased and then increased.However,the contents of Ca was just the opposite,the contents of Fe,Al,and Mn fluctuated,while the contents of P,Mg,Na,Cu,Zn,and B changed relatively stablely.Correlation analysis showed that,in addition to the K element in the fruit,the contents of N,P and K in A.trifoliate stem,leaves,and fruit showed a very significant positive correlation,and N,P,K contents and Ca contents all showed negative correlations.There was a significant positive correlation in N,P,Ca,Fe between in the tender stem and in the corresponding leaves.The content of mineral elements in different parts of the A.trifoliate fruit during the development period was significantly differen,with regular dynamic changes.Thus,during the fertilization process of A.trifoliate,controlling the content of Ca,Mg,and Mn in the base fertilizer is beneficial to the absorption of N,P,and K by the plant.Increasing the application of foliar fertilizer helps to increase the content of Na,Cu,Zn in the leaves.Applying fertilizers such as Mg,Fe,Mn during fruit expansion can promote fruit development.