技术的多元本质观:比较及其融合

The Multiple Essence of Technology:Comparison and Its Integration

分析哲学、实用主义、现象学、解释学和批判理论是目前五种主要的技术哲学研究进路,它们由于对技术预设了不同的本体范畴,致使在技术的自主性和价值负荷这两大关乎技术本质属性的问题上有着对立的看法。实际上,知识、工具、解蔽方式、文本、环境等备选的本体范畴只是技术作为多要素系统在不同视野不同维度中的呈现。通过对技术的属物与属人的二重维度分析可得,物性与人的目的之间的相对契合是技术的内在矛盾,这导致技术在属物的维度上具有现象学和解释学进路所体现的自主力量,并且宜于接受分析哲学价值中立的分析;而在属人的维度上则如实用主义所强调般是受控的,并且需要批判理论进路反思其价值负荷。从而技术哲学的多元进路在属物与属人二重维度张开的平台上交汇,为其技术本质观的相互融合提供了可能。

At present there are five main approaches to philosophy of technology,namely analytic philosophy,pragmatism,phenomenology,hermeneutics and critical theory,which hold contradictory views on the two essential features of technology:autonomy and value load as they have presupposed various ontological categories of technology.In fact,the alternative ontological categories such as knowledge,tools,revealing ways,texts and environment are just different presentations of technology as a multiple system in different scopes and dimensions.By analyzing the technological dualitythe physical property and the human one,it can be shown that the relative conjunction between physical property and human purposes belongs to the intrinsic tension in technology,which leads to the autonomous power of technology presented along the route of phenomenology and hermeneutics in the physical property dimension,further being suitable to accept the analysis on value neutrality of analytic philosophy;as to its human property,technology is controllable which has been emphasized by pragmatism and whose value load should be reflected by the approach of critical theory.Thus,an intersectional platform for multiple approaches to philosophy of technology can be developed based on the dual aspects of technology,which makes it possible for various views on the essence of technology to integrate.