2019年山西省主要气候事件及其对农业的影响

Main Climate Events in Shanxi Province in 2019 and Their Impacts on Agriculture

基于1971—2019年山西109个气象观测站的观测资料,采用统计分析方法,对2019年山西省气候特征、主要气候事件及其对农业生产的影响进行了分析。结果表明:2019年,影响山西省农业生产的主要气候事件为干旱、寒潮和暴雨。春夏季中南部持续的高温少雨天气,造成大范围旱情出现。春旱对冬小麦的返青拔节造成了较大影响,也影响了春耕春播工作;夏旱主要对玉米等大秋作物的生长发育和产量形成影响较大;春季低温霜冻,使山西南部经济林果损失巨大,北中部春耕播种时间推迟,导致出苗率低、苗弱,作物产量和品质均受到影响;夏季强降水及对流天气,给部分地区农业生产造成了较大损失;9月持续的降水造成大秋作物贪青晚熟、病虫害加重,还影响了冬小麦的播种。

Based on the meteorological data of 109 weather stations(Shanxi Province)from 1971 to 2019,the climate features,the climate events of 2019 and their impacts on agriculture were analyzed by statistical analysis method.The results showed that the main climate events affecting Shanxi′s agriculture in 2019 were drought,cold wave and storm.In spring and summer,the continuous high temperature and less rain weather in central and southern region of Shanxi Province caused a large-scale drought.Spring drought had a great impact on the rejuvenation and jointing of winter wheat,as well as the work of spring ploughing and sowing;summer drought had a great impact on the growth and yield formation of autumn crops such as corn;low temperature and frost in spring had caused great loss of economic forest and fruit in the south of Shanxi Province,delayed the sowing time of spring ploughing in the north and middle of Shanxi Province,resulting in low emergence rate,weak seedlings,which affected crop yield and quality;strong precipitation and convective weather in summer caused great losses to agricultural production in some areas;the continuous precipitation in September caused the late maturing of autumn crops,the aggravation of diseases and insect pests,and also affected the sowing of winter wheat.