148例先天性心脏病患儿术后主要照顾者的居家康复护理需求现状及影响因素分析

Status quo of Nursing Needs during Home Rehabilitation in Main Caregivers of Children with Congenital Heart Disease after Surgery and Its Influence Factors:A 148-case Study

目的调查先天性心脏病患儿术后主要照顾者的居家康复护理需求现状,分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2019年6月-2020年4月抽取广西南宁市某三级甲等医院胸心血管外科住院的148例先天性心脏病患儿术后主要照顾者作为调查对象。采用自制的调查问卷对先天性心脏病患儿术后主要照顾者的居家康复护理需求进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析居家康复护理需求的影响因素。结果本组先天性心脏病患儿术后主要照顾者的居家康复护理需求各维度条目均分分别为:心脏术后护理需求(4.51±0.78)分,心脏康复促进需求(4.48±0.79)分,社会支持途径需求(4.35±0.98)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,患儿年龄、疾病诊断、主要照顾者文化程度进入心脏术后护理需求和心脏康复促进需求的回归方程(P<0.05);居住地和家庭平均月收入进入社会支持途径需求的回归方程(P<0.05)。结论先天性心脏病患儿术后主要照顾者居家康复护理需求均处于较高水平,患儿年龄、疾病诊断、主要照顾者文化程度是先天性心脏病患儿术后主要照顾者心脏术后护理需求和心脏康复促进需求的主要影响因素;居住地、家庭平均月收入是社会支持途径需求的主要影响因素。建议医护人员密切关注低龄患儿的主要照顾者,优先评估和满足复杂型先天性心脏病患儿主要照顾者的需求,采取个性化、多元化、分层次等健康教育形式,注重居家康复护理知识的掌握程度反馈,多方面、多渠道满足主要照顾者居家康复护理需求,降低照护负担,促进患儿及主要照顾者身心健康。

Objective To investigate the current status of nursing needs during home rehabilitation of the main caregivers of children with congenital heart disease(CHD)after surgery,and analyze its influence factors.Methods The convenience sampling method was used to collect 148 cases of primary caregivers of CHD children hospitalized in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery of a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanning from June 2019 to April 2020 as the survey subjects.A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the nursing needs during home rehabilitation,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the nursing needs during home rehabilitation.Results The mean score of dimension of nursing needs after cardiac surgery,cardiac rehabilitation need and social support approach was 4.51±0.78,4.48±0.79 and 4.35±0.98 respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and disease diagnosis of the patients,education background of the main caregivers entered into the regression equation of nursing needs after cardiac surgery and cardiac rehabilitation need(P<0.05).Place of residence,and average monthly family income entered into the regression equation of social support approach(P<0.05).Conclusion Nursing needs during home rehabilitation of main caregivers of CHD children after surgery are in a relatively high level.Age and disease diagnosis of the patients,education background of the main caregivers are the main influence factors of nursing needs after cardiac surgery and cardiac rehabilitation need and residence,and average monthly family income are the main influence factors of social support approach.It is recommended that medical staff pay close attention to the main caregivers of younger children,give priority to assessing and meeting the needs of the main caregivers of children with complex congenital heart disease.Personalized and diversified health education,and feedback of nursing knowledge are beneficial to meeting the nursing needs during home rehabilitation,and reducing the burden of care,thus to promote the physical and mental health of the children and the main caregivers.