基于虚拟同步策略的电动汽车V2G 充放电系统研究及样机实现

Research and prototype manufacture on electric vehicle V2G systems based on virtual synchronous control strategy

为了解决大规模电动汽车和大容量新能源接入电网导致的电网负担加重及频率、电压等关键指标波动问题,提出将虚拟同步(Virtual Synchronous,VS)控制策略应用于电动汽车双向充放电(Vehicle-to-Grid,V2G)系统中。首先设计基于虚拟同步原理的充放电系统结构,其次在VS控制器中设计虚拟惯量、阻尼及励磁等参数,使V2G系统具备传统电网的运行外特性,并对工作模式分类。在Matlab R2019a/Simulink环境中,充放电的同时模拟频率和电压扰动,对典型的工作模式进行仿真分析。结果表明:所使用的虚拟同步控制策略在V2G系统中具有良好的有功、无功跟踪性能;能够快速响应电网异常并及时调节充放电功率或向电网反馈无功功率,提高了电网的稳定性和抗干扰能力。最后,基于虚拟同步策略研制出一台60 kW充放电样机,并成功应用于示范项目中。

When large-scale electric vehicles and large-capacity new energy are connected to a power grid,the grid burden and the voltage fluctuate frequently.A Virtual Synchronous(VS)control strategy can be applied to V2G systems.First,a V2G system structure is designed based on the virtual synchronization principle;secondly,the simulation parameters of virtual inertia,damping and excitation characteristics in the VS controller are designed to make the V2G system have the same external characteristics as the traditional grid,and working modes are classified.An experimental environment is built in Matlab R2019a/Simulink to simulate the frequency and voltage disturbance of a power grid while charging and discharging.The typical working mode is simulated and analyzed.Results show the virtual synchronous control strategy has good tracking performance.It can quickly respond to the abnormal power grid,and adjust the active power or feedback the reactive power to the grid in a timely fashion,so as to improve the stability and anti-interference ability.Finally,a V2G prototype with 60 kW power is developed using VS strategy,and the application is completed in the demonstration project site.