非晶合金表面极端润湿性的研究进展

The Research Progress on the Extreme Wettability of Amorphous Alloys Surface

随着近代仿生学的不断发展,极端润湿性界面材料作为一种新型功能材料,已成为材料科学研究领域的热点之一。非晶合金由于具有较低的表面(自由)能以及在过冷液相区的超塑性,成为了制备功能性表界面的理想材料之一,尤其是超疏液表面的理想材料。利用Young′s、Wenzel、Cassie-Baxter三种不同的润湿模型,对非晶合金表面润湿行为进行了系统的讨论,分析了表面微纳结构对超疏液和超亲液非晶合金表面的影响规律。表面微纳结构的构筑会很大程度地改变固体表面润湿性。表面微纳结构在几何尺寸增大初期,液体与表面之间存储的气体越来越多,直接表现为接触角增大;几何尺寸继续增大,使得液体与粗糙表面直接接触,导致接触角减小。同时,论述了非晶合金表面能和液体表面张力对润湿性的影响。固体表面能越大,液体在表面的接触角越小;而对于液体,其表面张力越大,在固体表面的接触角越大。指出了当前极端润湿性非晶合金表面在制备工艺、耐久性等方面存在的问题和研究难点。最后,展望了非晶合金极端润湿性表面的未来发展趋势和应用前景。

With the continuous development of modern bionics,the interfacial material with extreme wettability,as a new type of functional material,has become one of the hot topics in the field of material science.Because of its low surface(free)energy and superplasticity in the supercooled liquid region,the amorphous alloys have become one of the ideal materials for preparing the functional surfaces,especially for the superhydrophobic surfaces.In this paper,three different wetting models:Young's model,Wenzel model,and Cassie-Baxter model,were used to systematically discuss the wetting behavior of the amorphous alloy surface,and then the influence of micro-nano structures on the surface of superlyophobic and superlyophilic amorphous alloys were also analyzed.The wettability of solid surface will be greatly changed by the construction of surface structures.With the increase of the surface micro-nano structures geometry size,more and more gas is stored between the liquid and the surface,which shows the contact angle(CA)increases obviously.With the geometry size continuing to increase,the direct contact between the liquid and the rough surface reduces CA.In addition,the effect of surface energy and liquid surface tension on the wettability of amorphous alloys were further discussed.The greater the surface energy of the solid,the smaller CA of the liquid on the surface.For liquid,the greater the surface tension,the greater the CA on the solid surface.Moreover,the current research difficulties in the preparation technology,durability,etc.of the extreme wettability for amorphous alloy surfaces were proposed.The future research direction and the application prospect of amorphous alloys surface with the extreme wettability were also discussed.