氧化石墨烯膜的制备、改性及应用研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation,Modification and Application of Graphene Oxide Membrane

石墨烯的衍生物——氧化石墨烯(GO)因可实现逐层堆叠,在片层之间形成一定间距的纳米通道,通过粒子的尺寸大小不同,进行尺寸筛分,故可应用于物质的选择性分离,在膜材料领域引起了研究者们的广泛关注。基于氧化石墨烯独特的二维结构,为探索氧化石墨烯在膜分离领域的应用,对氧化石墨烯分离膜的制备技术及改性进行简要地概述。在氧化石墨烯分离膜的制备方法中,关于制备技术的研究报道多种多样。梳理了几种常见的制备方法,如旋涂法、真空抽滤法、浸涂法、喷涂法、层层自组装等,同时结合前人在相应制备方法上的研究成果,进行了对比分析。氧化石墨烯类材料主要通过掺杂或表面功能基因团嫁接进行改性,表面改性可提高GO膜对某些离子的选择性、水通量或者是增强膜的机械稳定性和抗污染性。氧化石墨烯在分离膜油水分离、污水净化、海水淡化、气体分离、重金属离子分离等领域均表现出优异的分离特性。最后,展望了氧化石墨烯分离膜在上述三个层面未来的发展和面临的挑战。

Graphene oxide(GO),a derivative of graphene,can be stacked layer by layer to form nanochannels between layers,so it can be applied to selective separation of substances,which has attracted wide attention of researchers in the field of membrane materials.Based on the unique two-dimensional structure of graphene oxide,in order to explore its application in the membrane separation field,the preparation technology and modification of graphene oxide separation membrane are briefly summarized.Among the preparation methods of graphene oxide separation membrane,there are various research reports on the preparation technology.Several common preparation methods,such as spin coating,vacuum filtration,dip coating,spray coating,layer-by-layer self-assembly,etc.,are introduced,and the research results of the corresponding preparation methods are compared and analyzed.Graphene oxide materials are mainly modified by doping or surface functional gene group grafting,and surface modification can improve the selectivity and water flux of GO membrane to some ions or enhance the mechanical stability and anti-pollution of the membrane.Graphene oxide membrane has shown excellent separation characteristics in oil-water separation,sewage purification,seawater desalination,gas separation,heavy metal ion separation,and other fields.Finally,the future development and challenges of graphene oxide separation membranes at the above three levels are prospected.