具有沟槽微织构的超硬材料刀具切削仿真与实验研究

Research on the Cutting Simulation and Experiment of Super-hard Material Tool with Grooved Micro Texture

目的探究微织构置入切削刀具表面对切削性能产生的影响。方法在具有沟槽微织构的超硬材料刀具上,设计了切削仿真与实验。基于流体动压射流和流体二次润滑,以J-C准则作为车削的本构关系,采用ABAQUS进行仿真。在相同条件下,对有无沟槽微织构的超硬材料刀具进行了三维切削Al6061模拟,并结合刀具应力和前刀面切削温度,对切削性能进行了分析。采用飞秒激光工艺制备了新型沟槽微织构超硬材料车刀,并在CA6136车床上进行单因素切削实验。结果刀具在置入沟槽微织构后,不仅降低了摩擦副间的接触面积,而且在切削液的双重作用下,瞬时高温现象也得到了缓解。在干切削条件下,沟槽微织构刀具的前刀面不具有较好的减磨抗粘能力,刀具磨损较快。在切削液润滑、流体动压射流现象和沟槽微织构共同作用下,刀具的摩擦磨损状况得到很大改善,使用寿命得到延长。结论综合切削仿真与实验结果可知,微织构置入切削刀具表面能够提升刀具切削性能并缓解刀具磨损情况。

This paper aims to explore the influence of micro texture added to the cutting tool on the cutting performance.The cutting simulation and experiment are designed for the super-hard material tool with grooved micro texture.Based on the hydrodynamic jet and the secondary lubrication of fluid,the J-C criterion is used as the constitutive relation of turning,and ABAQUS is used to simulate the three-dimensional Al6061 cutting by the super-hard material tool with or without grooved micro texture under the same conditions,and the cutting performance is analyzed by combining the stress of the tool and the cutting temperature of the front face.A new type of grooved micro texture super-hard material turning tool has been prepared by femtosecond laser technology,and the single factor cutting experiment has been carried out on CA6136 lathe.When the grooved micro texture is added to the tool,not only the contact area between the friction pairs is reduced,but also the instantaneous high temperature phenomenon is alleviated under the dual action of the tool and the cutting fluid.Under the condition of dry cutting,the front face of the grooved micro texture tool does not have good anti-friction and anti-viscosity ability,and the tool wear is fast;the combination of cutting fluid lubrication and hydrodynamic jet and grooved micro texture can greatly reduce the friction and wear condition of the tool,and prolong the service life of the tool.The results of cutting simulation and experiment show that the micro texture can improve the cutting performance and reduce the tool wear.