基于贵州省兰科植物丰富度与分布特征的保护优先区研究

Conservation Priority Area Based on Abundance and Distribution Feature of Orchidaceae in Guizhou

为研究贵州省野生兰科植物及生物多样性保护空缺,以全省兰科植物作为指示物种,结合GIS软件分析其丰富度和分布特征,运用Dobson算法筛选县(区、市)域保护优先区,并与已建自然保护区叠加分析。结果表明:贵州兰科植物以省相对边缘地带较丰富,其中南部高于北部,西部高于东部;800~1200 m海拔段包含了贵州省兰科植物种类的92.65%,其中1000~1200 m分布的种类最多,占比49.41%。在75%和100%保护水平上,分别筛选出兴义等4个和27个县域为保护优先区,75%保护水平的保护优先区兴义,已建自然保护区与其国土面积的比例仅为1.1%,100%保护水平的册亨、望谟、贞丰、晴隆、黔西、安龙、兴仁、罗甸、三都、桐梓、贵阳的占比皆低于5%,其中多数县的自然保护区级别低,盘州、赫章、六枝、镇宁共4个县域保护优先区没有自然保护区,上述16个县域存在明显的保护空缺。

The study used Orchidaceae as indicator species,based on the survey data of Orchidaceae plants in counties(districts and cities)of Guizhou province,combined with GIS technology to analyze the species richness and distribution feature and applies Dobson algorithm to identify the protection priority areas with the existing survey data in country(district,city),then overlaped with the existing natural reserves to optimize the protected area with protection vacancy analysis.The results showed that:Orchidaceae plants are relatively rich in marginal areas in Guizhou,which the south is higher than the north and the west is higher than the east in horizontal distribution.The 800~1200 m altitude range contains 92.65%of the species of Orchidaceae in Guizhou,which the species of 1000~1200 m are the most,accounting for 49.41%of the total in vertical distribution.75%and 100%protection targets were set with Orchidaceae plants as indicator species,at 75%and 100%protection level,4 and 27 counties such as Xingyi were selected as priority areas.At 75%protection level,the cumulative area of Xingyi’s nature reserves accounts for only 1.1%of the county area.At 100%protection level,Ceheng,Wangmo,Zhenfeng,Qinglong,Qinaxi,Anlong,Xingren,Luodian,Sandu,Tongzi and Guiyang are less than 5%,Panzhou,Hezhang,Liuzhi and Zhenning have no nature reserves.There are 16 priority protection areas with obvious protection gaps.