代孕相关行为的刑法规制研究

Research on Criminal Regulations of Surrogacy Related Behaviors

界明代孕的概念及范围是法律有效规制代孕及相关行为的基础。刑法研究应当区分代孕基础行为与组织代孕等其他附随行为。代孕基础行为应当严格受法律规范,尚无需受刑法的规制。具有严重社会危害性的组织代孕行为以及其他附随行为具有相当的入罪必要性及可行性,应当合理入罪,增设非法组织代孕罪,强迫代孕罪,非法组织买卖人类生殖细胞罪,非法采集、供应生殖细胞罪等罪名,形成有效规制此类犯罪的罪名体系并配置与罪责相适应的刑罚。由此划定代孕相关行为的犯罪圈,明确刑法的处罚范围,于刑法保护机能中彰显刑法谦抑主义。

Defining the concept and scope of surrogacy is the basis of effective regulation of surrogacy and related behaviors.Criminal law research should distinguish between the basic behavior of surrogacy and other related behaviors,such as organizing surrogacy.The basic behavior of surrogacy should be strictly regulated by law,but not yet subject to criminal law.It is necessary and feasible to incriminate the behavior of organized surrogacy and other accompanying behaviors with serious social harm.The crime of illegally-organized surrogacy,the crime of forced surrogacy,the crime of illegally-organized trading human germ cells,the crime of illegal collection and supply of reproductive cells should be added into law,so as to form an effective crime system to regulate such crimes and allocate the corresponding punishment.As a result,the criminal law's modesty is demonstrated in the protection of the criminal law,by means of defining the criminal circle of surrogacy-related behaviors and clarifying the scope of penalties in the criminal law.