二维材料异质结高灵敏度红外探测器

Highly sensitive infrared detector based on a two-dimensional heterojunction

要想实现弱光探测,需要探测器具有高灵敏度。石墨烯、过渡金属硫化物、黑磷等二维材料因具有宽光谱吸收、带隙可调、高载流子迁移率等良好的光学与电学性能,广泛应用于红外探测器的制作,然而这些材料存在弱光吸收、载流子迁移率低、空气稳定性差等问题,制约了其在高灵敏度红外探测领域的应用。同单一的二维材料相比,二维材料异质结不仅具有各单一材料的特点,而且由于两种材料的结合展现出新颖的物理特性,近年来在高灵敏度红外探测领域得到了广泛研究。本文基于影响灵敏度的主要因素,分析总结了提高红外探测器灵敏度的主要策略,回顾了近几年基于二维材料异质结高灵敏度红外探测器的发展,总结了其主要性能指标,最后指出了进一步提升红外探测灵敏度所面临的挑战,从如何平衡探测器响应度与响应速度、大面积二维异质结制备、异质结界面优化利用等方面展望了如何获得综合性能良好的高灵敏度红外探测器以及实现探测器商业应用,以期对高灵敏度红外探测领域的发展提供一定的指导意见。

To achieve weak signal detection,high sensitivity is required.Because of their strengths in optical and electrical properties such as wide spectral absorption,adjustable bandgap,and high carrier mobility,graphene,Transition Metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),Black Phosphorus(BP)and other two-dimensional(2D)materials have been used to fabricate infrared detectors.However,those 2D materials have disadvantages of weak light absorption,low carrier mobility and air instability,that restrict their applications in highsensitivity infrared detection.Compared with single two-dimensional material,heterostructures consisting of two or more single 2D materials adopt the characteristics of each single material as well as some novel physical properties from heterojunctions/interfaces.In recent years,the heterostructure of 2D materials has been studied extensively in the field of high-sensitivity infrared detection.To gain a deep understanding of the factors affecting sensitivity,we provide a comprehensive review of the strategies that improve the sensitivity of infrared detectors and the development of high-sensitivity infrared detectors based on 2D heterojunctions in recent years.We summarize the figures of merit of these infrared detectors and identify the existing challenges impeding further improvements in sensitivity.Finally,by summarizing the challenges of future improving the sensitivity of infrared detection prospects for strategies to obtain high-sensitivity infrared detectors with good comprehensive performance and commercial applicability are presented with considerations for balancing the detector’s responsivity and response speed,large area two-dimensional heterojunction preparation,heterojunction interface optimization,and so forth.