地方品质与经济机会对劳动力流动的影响——基于CLDS 2016的实证分析

The Impact of Quality of Place and Economic Opportunity on Labor Flow:An Empirical Analysis Based on CLDS 2016

基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,采用条件logit模型实证考察了决定中国城际劳动力区位选择的区域和个人因素。旨在评估流动劳动力选择目的地时地方品质、就业机会和经济结构的相对权重,以及这些地方因素在不同类型的劳动力中的作用程度。结果表明:(1)地方品质对吸引迁移人口流入有显著的正向促进作用且大于就业机会带来的效应,迁移人口会倾向于流向地方品质更好的城市。(2)通过对比地方品质和工资水平对流动人口流向选择概率的影响可以计算得到流动人口对于地方品质水平提升1个单位的支付意愿约为9.70元。(3)从异质性检验结果来看,个人消费服务、地区基础结构和公共服务对本地吸引人才流入的能力均表现出显著的带动性;年轻一代和室内工作的劳动力群体更加注重环境因素的考量,对城市品质提出了更高的要求。相比于地方品质,高教育水平劳动者受到高工资水平的调节作用更大。来自城镇的劳动者更加重视地方品质建设对自身带来的影响,而来自农村的劳动者更加注重工资报酬所带来的经济效用;流入内陆、淮北地区、特大、超大和高收入阶段的城市吸引劳动力受城市地方品质的影响效果更显著;流入内陆、淮南地区、大中小和中等收入偏上/偏下城市吸引劳动力受工资水平的影响更显著。

Based on the data of 2016 China laborforce dynamics survey,the conditional logit model is used to empirically investigate the regional and personal factors that determine the location selection of China's inter-city labor force and further assess the relative weight of location quality,employment opportunities and economic structure on the labors'selection of working place as well as the influencing degrees of these local factors on the destination selection of different types of labors.The study finds that:Firstly,local quality has a significant positive effect on attracting migrants to inflow which is greater than that of employment opportunities.Migrants tend to flow to the cities with better local qualities;Secondly,the floating population's willingness to pay for a unit of local quality improvement is about 9.70 yuan calculated by the the comparison of the influence of local qualities and wage levels on the selection probability of floating population;Thirdly,the heterogeneity test results show that consumption services,regional infrastructure and public services of a place have a significant effects on attracting talent workers,comparatively speaking,the workers of younger generation and white collar emphasize more on the environmental factors and require the higher quality of the city to inflow;Besides,the workers with high-education are more guided by high wages,the Labors from urban areas consider more benefits of the local quality on themselves while the labors from rural areas pay more attention to the economic utility of high wages,the labors flow into cities in the mega,super,and high-income cities in the north of Anhui province seems are more attracted by the local quality of cities while the labors inflow to the large,medium and small with middle-upper/lower incomes are attracted more significantly by high wages in the south of Anhui province.