清代太仓地区卖田契研究

Study on the Land Sale Contract in Taicang Area in Qing Dynasty

目前,国内对契约文书的研究,学者以整个清代宏观分析田地买卖的居多,在地域上主要以徽州文书和贵州清水江文书研究为大宗,而对江苏地区的契约文书则研究较少。南京博物院收藏有清代太仓地区的卖田契500余件,本文以这500多件卖田契为研究对象,分析了契文的格式与内容,统计分析了契文中的数据,总结了它们的特点。这些契约文书的背后,是在“永佃权”的背景之下自耕农与中小地主大量小块土地的买卖导致的地权的转移,从而使清代太仓地区田地呈现出明显的集中趋势。

At present,most of the domestic researches about the contractual documents focus on the macro-analysis of the land sale in the whole Qing Dynasty,mainly on the Huizhou documents and the Qingshui River documents in Guizhou,while document researches on Jiangsu area’s contract is limited.There were more than 500 pieces of land deeds for sale in the Taicang area in the Qing Dynasty in the Nanjing Museum collection.This paper takes these land deeds for study,analyzes the format and content of the deeds,statistically explores the data in the deeds,and summarizes their characteristics.From these deeds,we can find under the background of"permanent tenancy rights",the transfer of land rights resulted from the purchase and sale of a large number of small plots of land between farmers and small and medium-sized landlords,which led to the land concentration in the Taicang area in the Qing Dynasty.