高速公路、市场潜力与人力资本空间分布研究

Highway Market Potential and the Distribution of Human Capital

基于我国2000年、2010年250个城市数据,通过高速公路网测算城市间时间距离以刻画城市的国内和国外市场潜力,控制城市教育水平、内部市场规模、产业结构、行政级别等。考虑空间自相关,采用空间计量模型研究不同空间尺度市场潜力对人力资本空间分布的差异化影响。结果发现:高速公路网的基本建成使得市场潜力显著影响城市的人力资本积累,城市越靠近国内市场中心则人力资本水平越低,越靠近国外市场则人力资本水平越高。考虑规模效应和竞争效应布局城市交通网络,加强教育投入,能够有效提高城市人力资本水平。

Based on 250 Chinese cities’data in 2000 and 2010,this article calculated the domestic and international market potential by time-distance of highway among cities to analyze the different effects of them on the spatial distribution of human capital,considering education,cities’size,industrial structure,administrative level and spatial dependence and using spatial econometrics model.Results indicate that the effects of the domestic and international market potential on human capital become influential after the construction of highway network.The cities closer to the domestic market center are with lower level of human capital and the cities closer to the foreign market are with higher the level of human capital.Considering both scale effect and competition effect,arranging the accessibility among cities rationally and increasing the investment in education can effectively improve human capital of cities.