城市新区教育设施可达性评价与空间优化——以深圳市坪山区为例

Accessibility Assessment and Spatial Optimization of Educational Facilities in Newly Urbanized Areas:A Case of Pingshan District,Shenzhen City

城市新区在发展过程中面临教育设施供给不足和不均衡的问题,可达性与空间优化方法能够为解决该问题提供科学依据。以深圳市坪山区为例,从供需关系出发,运用高斯两步移动搜寻法和改进的p-中位模型,探讨城市新区教育设施的可达性评价与空间优化,提出优化迫切度概念,分析得到教育设施优化区位和规模。结果表明:坪山区各层级教育设施可达性均存在明显空间差异;优化迫切度结果能够为设施配置的重点区域及优先次序提供依据;优化后各层级教育设施分布比较均衡,与人口分布较为契合;优化结果反映出相关规划标准存在不适用性,应注重规划标准差异化的研究。将城市教育设施空间布局评价和区位优化相结合,能为深圳市坪山区教育设施布局规划提供科学依据。

The newly urbanized areas are commonly lack of educational facilities and with unequal spatial accessibility.Accessibility assessment and spatial optimization are important research topics in the optimal allocation of educational facilities in newly urbanized areas.Using Pingshan District of Shenzhen as a case study,the paper analyzed spatial accessibility and conducted spatial optimization of multi-level educational facilities at district or county level of China.The paper brought up the concept of“pressing-optimization zone”based on analysis using the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method.Moreover,the paper calculated the optimized locations and sizes of multi-level educational facilities using the improved p-median model.The results showed that spatial accessibilities of multi-level educational facilities had clear spatial difference,and it varied between multiple levels.The identification of pressing-optimization zones helped to identify the key zones for allocating new services with priorities.Spatial distributions of multi-level educational facilities after optimization could better fit population density of the study area and improved equalities of spatial accessibility.Spatial optimization results also reflected non-applicability of certain urban planning rules for allocating educational facilities,and further work could focus on amending the related planning rules.In conclusion,this work enriched the methods for optimal allocating urban educational facilities and could provide scientific basis for spatial optimization of multi-level educational services in Pingshan District of Shenzhen.