种植密度对不同小麦品种产量构成及抗倒伏性的影响

Effect of Planting Density on Yield Composition and Lodging Resistance of Different Wheat Varieties

为了探索雨养农业区不同小麦品种对种植密度的响应特点,以黄淮南部大面积种植品种济麦22、安农0711和烟农19为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,设置4个密度处理(225×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)、375×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)、525×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)和675×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)),对其分蘖特性、产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、茎秆强度、倒伏指数等性状进行测定。结果表明,随处理密度增加,各品种的冬前茎蘖数呈上升趋势,穗粒数和茎秆强度呈下降趋势,倒伏指数呈先升后降趋势,最高茎蘖数、穗数、成穗率及产量等性状变化趋势受品种及试点区域影响。在五铺和大杨试点,当处理密度由225×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)增加为675×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)时,济麦22、安农0711和烟农19的冬前茎蘖数(2015年)分别增加75.2%和133.1%、72.3%和72.6%、127.1%和80.1%,且差异均达显著水平;穗粒数(2015和2016年)平均分别减少13.0%和12.6%、12.6%和9.7%、19.9%和14.3%,且在五铺试验点2015年烟农19以及2016年各供试材料在两种处理密度间差异均达到显著水平;茎秆强度(2016年)分别减少36.3%和6.2%、22.8%和21.0%、45.6%和33.2%,且在五铺试验点各供试材料在两种处理密度间差异均达到显著水平。综合来看,本区域小麦生产可通过选择茎秆强度高、抗倒伏的品种,在保证一定穗数的基础上,充分发挥穗粒数和千粒重的潜力,最终获得高产。

In order to explore the response characteristics of different wheat cultivars to planting density in rainfed agricultural area,a field experiment was conducted using wheat cultivars.Jimai 22,Annong 0711 and Yannong 19 widely cultivated in the Southern Huang-Huai wheat area.The experiment was arranged by split plot design of two factors,with four planting densities(225×10^(4)plants·hm^(-2),375×10^(4)plants·hm^(-2),525×10^(4)plants·hm^(-2)and 675×10^(4)plants·hm^(-2)).The tiller characteristics,spike number per hectare,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,yield,stem strength and lodging index were measured.The results showed that stem number(2015)at over-wintering was increased with the increase of planting density;The grain number per spike and stem strength were declined with the increase of planting density;The lodging index increased first and then decreased.As the increase of planting density,the variation trend of the maximum number of tillers,spike number per hectare,percentage of ear bearing tiller and yield depended on varieties and cultivation areas.At Wupu and Dayang,when the planting density increased from 225×10^(4)plants·hm^(-2)to 675×10^(4)plants·hm^(-2),the stem number(2015)at over-wintering of wheat cultivars Jimai 22,Annong 0711 and Yannong 19 was increased by 75.2%and 133.1%,72.3%and 72.6%,127.1%and 80.1%,respectively,and all the differences were significant at two experiment sites;The grain number per spike(2015 and 2016)decreased by 13.0%and 12.6%,12.6%and 9.7%,19.9%and 14.3%,respectively,and the differences between two density treatments of Yannong 19 in 2015 and all wheat cultivars in 2016 were significant at two experiment sites;The stem strength(2016)decreased by 36.3%and 6.2%,22.8%and 21.0%,45.6%and 33.2%,respectively,and the differences were significant between two treatments of all wheat cultivars at Wupu site.In summary,to achieve high yield in rainfed agricultural area,a variety with high stem strength and lodging resistance should be selected,taking number of spike number per hectare into consideration,and the potential of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight should be emphasized.