建设工程价款优先受偿权行使期限之起算日的类型化分析——兼论《建设工程施工合同司法解释(二)》第二十二条

A Typed Analysis of the Starting Date of Exercise Period of the Priority Right of Compensation for Construction Project——On Article 22 of“Judicial Interpretation II of Construction Contract”

承包人享有的建设工程价款优先受偿权,具有优先于一般抵押权和普通债权的清偿顺位,对承包人意义重大。因此,如何确定优先受偿权行使期限的起算点也就显得十分重要。本文结合《建设工程施工合同司法解释(二)》第22条的规定,对建设工程价款优先受偿权行使期限的起算日进行了类型化分析,并对承包人采取多种行使方式时如何确定行使日进行了探讨。裁判机构在确定优先受偿权行使期限的起算日时,不应机械地套用"发包人应当给付建设工程价款之日",而应综合考量该行使期限的性质及承包人"知道或应当知道"这一主观因素,并根据具体个案的不同情形作出认定。

The contractor’s right to receive priority compensation of the construction project priors to the settlement of the general mortgage and ordinary claims,which is of great significance to the contractor.Therefore,it is very important to determine the starting date of exercise period of the priority compensation right.This paper refers to the provisions of Article 22 of the"Judicial Interpretation II of Construction Contracts"to conduct a typed analysis of the starting date of exercise period of the priority right to compensation of construction projects,also discuss how to determine the exercise date when the contractor adopts multiple exercise methods.When determining the starting date of the exercise period of the priority compensation right,the tribunals shall not mechanically apply"the date when the employer should pay",but shall comprehensively consider the nature of the exercise period and the subjective factor that the contractor"knows or should know",and make the determination according to different circumstances based on specific cases.