高速铁路钢轨接头动态响应特性研究

Research on the Dynamic Response Characteristics of Rail Joints of High Speed Railway

随着高铁运营速度的提高,对轨道平顺性的要求也越来越高。钢轨接头是轨道的薄弱环节之一,由于钢轨接头的存在,列车通过时会出现高频冲击和振动。以钢轨接头为研究对象,对车辆动态响应数据进行分析,得到其响应数据特性。提出基于EEMD分解的自适应同步压缩短时Fourier变换(E-ADSSTFT)方法,利用E-ADSSTFT方法进行数据分析。研究不同高度的焊接接头处的车辆动态响应数据特性,从时域、频域以及时频联合分析几个方面分别对数据进行分析。研究表明,随着钢轨接头的伤损程度增加,高速列车轴箱加速度振动幅值越来越大,且能量分布的频带范围越来越窄,最终引起车辆-轨道耦合系统的非线性振动;长时间的耦合振动作用,在钢轨缺陷接头后方表面易形成钢轨波磨。

With enhanced high speed railway operation speed, the requirements for track regularity become higher and higher. As one of the weak links of track, rail joints cause high-frequency impact and vibration when a train passes by. With rail joint as the study object, the dynamic response data of trains were analyzed to obtain the characteristics of response data. The method of adaptive synchrosqueezed short time Fourier transform based on EEMD decomposition(E-ADSSTFT) is proposed for data analysis. The characteristics of dynamic response data of trains at welded joints with different heights were studied, and the data were analyzed from several aspects such as time domain, frequency domain and joint time-frequency analysis. The study shows that with the increase of the damages of rail joint, the vibration amplitude of acceleration of high speed train axle box becomes bigger and bigger, and the frequency band of energy distribution becomes narrower and narrower,which eventually causes the nonlinear vibration of vehicle-track coupling system;with long-time coupling vibration, the rear surface of rail defective joint is prone to rail corrugation.