真实海况下船舶水弹性响应及砰击载荷的大尺度模型试验研究

Investigation of hydroelastic response and slamming loads of ships in real waves by large-scale model measurement

现有的船舶波浪载荷模型试验大多是在水池环境中开展的,然而受水池尺度、造波能力、模型航行范围以及尺度效应等方面的影响或限制,水池模型试验并不能完全真实地反映出实船海上航行时的水动力学性能。事实上,真实海浪具有非线性强、随机性强、方向分布广等特征,因此研究船舶在真实海浪短峰波中的水动力学性能对于指导实船设计研发具有重要的指导意义。实际海浪环境中,舰船大尺度模型试验是一种新型试验技术,综合了水池模型试验和实船海试的部分共同优势。本文提出了大尺度模型波浪载荷与砰击载荷试验技术,建立了一套稳定可靠的大尺度模型海上试验测试系统,并提出了恶劣海况下大尺度模型耐波性及波浪载荷试验实施方案,进而基于大尺度模型试验数据分析了船舶在真实恶劣海况下的运动与载荷响应及砰击载荷特性。

The current model experiments for ship wave loads are tested in laboratory tanks.However,the hy⁃drodynamic behaviors of full-scale ships cannot be fully reproduced by tank models due to the limitations of tank size,wave production capacity,model sailing range and scaling effects.In fact,real ocean waves are characterised by strong nonlinearity,randomicity and broad directional spreading.Therefore,it is of great sig⁃nificance to investigate the ship hydrodynamic behavior in actual sea waves.The novel testing technique,which includes performing large-scale model test at sea,combines the advantages of tank model test and full-scale sea trial.This paper presents the large-scale model testing technique for ship wave loads and slam⁃ming loads measurement.A suite of large-scale model testing system was established and the wave load ex⁃perimental scheme at sea was proposed.Moreover,the ship motion and load responses and slamming load be⁃havior in actual severe seas are analyzed based on the large-scale model measurement data.