创新政策对城市科技创新建设的影响及其异质性分析

Influence of Innovation Policy on Urban Science and Technology Innovation Construction and Heterogentity Analysis

借助我国2004—2016年242个地级市的面板数据,采用固定效应模型、系统GMM法和基于回归方程的分解法对我国城市间的科技创新差异展开综合分解,研究发现:财政科技投入、人才引进、信息化建设和营造整体创新环境这四类创新政策均能够有效提升城市创新水平;比较不同创新政策的重要性可发现,政府的科研资金支持是引导科技创新的主要政策,其后是人才和信息方面的政策,整体创新环境方面的政策影响力目前虽然最小,但也发挥着重要的作用;进一步分析政府支持创新的资金投入方式发现,资助科研单位的原生创新,实现产学研合作,比直接补贴企业更有助于扩大城市科技创新建设的成果;此外,我国多数地级市政府的科学事业费支出仍然偏小。地方政府引导科技创新,应在打好不同创新政策“组合拳”的同时,重点加大对科研活动的资金支持,促进产学研深度融合,切实提升地方科技治理能力和水平。

Under the background of national innovation system construction,there are obvious differences in the effectiveness of innovation construction among cities in China.Based on the government as the innovation guide,this paper uses fixed effect panel model,System GMM and Regression-based Decompositions to decompose the innovation difference among cities,utilizing the statistics of prefectural cities in China from 2004 to 2016.The results show that:Financial investment in science and technology,talent introduction,informatization construction and creation of an overall innovation environment can effectively improve the level of urban innovation.Comparing the importance of different innovation policies,the government's scientific research funding is the"main force"to guide innovation,followed by talents and information.Although the overall innovation environment has the smallest influence,it is also rapidly playing an important role in the short term.For the government-supported investment method of innovation funds,subsidizing the original innovation of scientific research units and realizing Industry-University-Research cooperation is more helpful than directly subsidizing enterprises.In addition,the scientific expenditures of most prefecture-level cities in China are still small.Therefore,when local governments guide scientific and technological innovation,they should focus on increasing financial support for scientific research activities and promote the in-depth integration of industry,university and research while fighting the"combination punch"of different innovation policies.