摘要
Concentrations of hexabromocyclododecane isomers(α-,β-and γ-HBCDs)and tetrabromobisphenol-A(TBBP-A)were measured-for the first time-in indoor dust from homes,offices and cars from France,Kazakhstan and Nigeria.∑HBCDs in French and Kazakhstani house dust(median=1351 and 280 ng g^-1,respectively)were consistent with previous reports from the UK and Romania,respectively.Concentrations of ∑HBCDs in Nigerian domestic dust(median=394 ng g^-1)were substantially higher than those reported from Egyptian homes.In general,concentrations of ∑HBCDs in the studied microenvironments were higher than those of TBBP-A,which may be attributed to the major application of TBBP-A as a reactive flame retardant;rendering its release to dust more difficult.Statistical analysis revealed significantly lower ∑HBCDs in French houses than those found in both offices and cars,while ∑HBCDs in cars from Kazakhstan were higher(P<0.05)than those in homes and offices.Moreover,TBBP-A concentrations in car dust from Nigeria were lower than those found in homes and offices.Exposure estimates revealed higher intake of HBCDs and TBBP-A by toddlers via indoor dust ingestion compared to adults.Combined with their low body weight,this can raise concerns over the potential adverse health effects of such high exposure in toddlers.
