数字普惠金融能降低农户的脆弱性吗?

Can Digital Inclusive Finance Reduce the Vulnerability of Peasant Households?

作为衡量脱贫机制长效性的重要工具,脆弱性指标具有较强的前瞻性,因此,研究如何降低农户家庭的脆弱性十分必要。本文借助来自我国4省的两期农户调查数据和"北京大学数字普惠金融指数"县级层面的数据,对数字普惠金融在降低农户脆弱性方面的作用展开实证研究。结果表明:数字普惠金融能够通过缓解资金约束和信息约束来降低农户的脆弱性,这其中起关键作用的是数字普惠金融的投融资功能,即信贷和投资业务。相比慢性和暂时贫困户,数字普惠金融的这种缓解作用更多地表现在尚未陷入贫困的农户身上。同时,它对脆弱性影响的强弱与农户家庭的知识储备也有直接关系,户主受教育年限长、金融素养高、具有数字技能的家庭更能受益于此。未来,政府应当将数字普惠金融作为重要的"防贫"手段,通过创新模式推动其发展,并引导农户增强相关的知识储备。

As an important tool measuring long-term effectiveness of anti-poverty program,vulnerability is strong in perspectiveness.Therefore,it is necessary to study how to reduce the vulnerability of peasant households.This paper uses investigation data on peasant households from4 provinces in China and county-level data from"Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index"to study the role of digital inclusive finance.The results show that digital inclusive finance can reduce the vulnerability of peasant households through loosing financial and information constraints.The investment and financing functions of digital inclusive finance,namely credit and investment businesses,play key roles.Compared with eliminating chronic and temporary poverty,this effect is mainly in preventing it.Meanwhile,this effect is directly related to the knowledge stock of peasant households:Households whose heads have higher education,finer financial literacy and better digital skills can benefit more from digital inclusive finance.In the future,the government should regard digital inclusive finance as an important method to prevent poverty,promote its development through innovative modes,and guide peasant households to stock relevant knowledge.