5~6岁幼儿对四种基本情绪相关词汇的理解和运用

5~6-year-old Children’s Understanding and Use of Vocabulary Related to Four Basic Emotions

儿童理解和运用情绪词汇的水平对其情绪理解与表达有重要影响。本研究运用自编的用于描述高兴、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧四种基本情绪的词汇表(共59个情绪词汇),通过准实验研究测量5~6岁幼儿对情绪词汇的理解和运用情况。结果发现,5~6岁幼儿能理解描述这四种基本情绪的词汇约33个,其中“高兴”12个、“悲伤”9个、“愤怒”7个、“恐惧”5个;能运用描述这四种基本情绪的词汇约6个,其中“高兴”2个、“悲伤”2个、“愤怒”1个、“恐惧”1个。5~6岁幼儿理解描述高兴的情绪词汇显著多于描述悲伤、愤怒和恐惧的情绪词汇;运用描述高兴的情绪词汇显著多于描述愤怒和恐惧的情绪词汇;运用描述悲伤和愤怒的情绪词汇显著多于描述恐惧的情绪词汇;运用描述高兴和悲伤的情绪词汇不存在显著差异。5~6岁幼儿对这四种基本情绪词汇的理解和运用没有明显的性别差异。教师和家长应关注幼儿对情绪词汇的理解与运用,并通过为幼儿创设支持性的学习环境,促进其情绪词汇理解和运用能力的发展。

Children’s language competence can promote their emotion understanding and expression.This study used quasi-experimental method to examine the extent to which children can understand and use emotion words that are categorized into four basic types.Results showed that children aged 5 to 6 could basically understand 33 words describing the four basic emotions,including happiness(12 words),sadness(9 words),anger(7 words),and fear(5 words),while they could only use 6 words describing the four basic emotions,including happiness(2 words),sadness(2 words),anger(1 word),and fear(1 word).Children could understand more words about happiness than ones about three other basic emotions.They could also use more words about happiness than ones about anger and fear.Moreover,the number of words children could use about sadness and anger was significantly higher than the number of words about fear.However,there was no significant difference in the use of happiness and sadness words.Besides,children did not show significant gender difference in the understanding and use of emotional vocabulary.Overall,this study provides important practical implications for compiling effective language teaching materials for young children and is also helpful for parents and teachers to explore the effective solutions that can promote children’s emotional understanding and expression.