社会支持与幼儿园教师留职意向的关系:组织公平感和工作投入的序列中介效应

On the Relationship between Social Support and Preschool Teachers’Intention to Stay:A Serial Mediation Model of Organization Justice and Work Engagement

社会支持是幼儿园教师应对职业压力的重要心理资源。为探讨幼儿园教师社会支持与留职意向的关系以及组织公平感与工作投入在二者关系中的作用,本研究选取了宁夏回族自治区1693名幼儿园教师为研究对象,采用社会支持量表、留职意向量表、组织公平感量表和工作投入量表进行测量。结果发现幼儿园教师的留职意向总体较好;社会支持和留职意向在教龄、园所性质、园所地域上存在显著差异,其中16年及以上教龄、公立幼儿园、村镇幼儿园教师的社会支持较高,留职意向也显著较高;社会支持、组织公平感、工作投入和留职意向两两显著正相关;社会支持对留职意向有显著的正向预测作用;组织公平感和工作投入在社会支持和留职意向之间起中介作用。具体而言,社会支持通过三条路径影响幼儿园教师留职意向,一是组织公平感的单独中介作用,二是工作投入的单独中介作用,三是组织公平感和工作投入的序列中介作用。为提高幼儿园教师的留职意向,应通过学前教育立法强化制度供给,切实改善幼儿园教师的社会地位与薪资待遇;通过文化和制度建设营造公平、公开、透明的组织环境;通过在职培训支持教师加强自身心理建设,引导教师客观看待问题,形成现实合理的期待,发展积极乐观的态度,主动增加工作投入。

Social support is an important psychological resource for preschool teachers to cope with occupational stress.In order to explore the mediating effects of organization justice and work engagement on the relationship between preschool teachers’social support and intention to stay,a cluster sample of 1693 preschool teachers from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was recruited to complete questionnaires regarding social support,intention to stay,organizational justice,and work engagement.Results indicated that there were significant differences in preschool teachers’social support and intention to stay,in terms of demographic variables,namely,teaching experiences,ownership and locations of the working places.Preschool teachers,with more than 16 years’teaching experience,working in public preschools and village preschools,had higher level of social support and intention to stay as well.Significant correlations were found among the four variables:social support,organizational justice,work engagement and intention to stay.After controlling gender and age,social support still independently predicted preschool teachers’intention to stay.Organizational justice and work engagement played significant roles between social support and preschool teachers’intention to stay.There were three paths,including the separate mediation effect of organizational justice,the separate mediation effect of work engagement,and the serial mediation effect of organizational justice and work engagement.In order to improve preschool teachers’intention to stay,the national to-be-enact preschool law should attach more importance to the status of working conditions for the teaching workforce,and the preschool culture and continuing professional programs should give teachers more organizational and personal support.