北欧国家幼儿园课程对关怀价值观的认同与践行

On Nordic Kindergarten Curriculum’s Care Values and the Related Practice

幼儿园课程需要价值观的引领。包括丹麦、瑞典、芬兰、挪威、冰岛在内的北欧5国非常重视关怀价值观,这既与其悠久的学前教育机构历史有关,也与相关哲学、心理学方法论的深刻影响有关。北欧国家在制定幼儿园课程政策时都强调了教师创建关怀关系的责任,与关怀价值观相对应的关键词在其课程政策文本中的出现频次和占比普遍较高,为儿童提供关怀被确定为幼儿园的重要机构职能。在关怀价值观的引领下,北欧国家的幼儿园逐步形成了保育、教养和教学三者相统一的课程模式。教师不仅通过关怀来满足儿童的需求,而且为儿童提供了以关怀方式行事的学习准则与榜样,这有助于儿童建构和内化关怀价值观。与此同时,关怀还被视为一种文化扩展和学科交流的手段。教师通过关怀和参与儿童活动,积极引入新的内容与知识,并给予相应的活动建议,从而有效地促进了儿童的学习和发展。可见,要实现价值观对幼儿园课程的引领,应从理论上加强对价值观的理解与认同,避免将其简化为技术上的行动;应注意政策引领,增强价值观的导向力;应构建整体性的课程模式,发挥价值观对幼儿园课程自上而下全方位的引导与目标指向作用。

Kindergarten curriculum needs values’guidance.Northern Europe countries,including Denmark,Sweden,Finland,Norway and Iceland,all emphasize the care values,which is determined by their long history on preschool education and the impacts of some great philosophy and psychology theories and methodology related to care values.The kindergarten curriculum policy of these Nordic countries highlights the guidance of care values,and realizes the integration of values through the corresponding curriculum practice mode,in which care does not only mean teachers should show deep care about children’s need and learning and development by looking after their daily life and teaching them,but also means teachers should model children how to do things in caring ways to help children accept and follow care values.To play the guidance role of values on kindergarten curriculum,we should understand the values in theory,and put the values in curriculum policy,and explore practical mode based on the values.