畜禽粪便资源化处理及成本收益分析——以6省(区)251户肉鸡养殖场户为例

Resource treatment and cost-benefit analysis of livestock manure——In the case of 251 broiler farming households in 6 provinces

本文基于山东、河南、河北、安徽、广西以及云南6省(区)共251个肉鸡养殖场户的微观调研数据,对肉鸡粪便资源化利用的方式和成本收益情况进行研究分析。研究发现,除少量鸡粪废弃外,肥料化是肉鸡粪便资源化利用的主要方向。从资源化处理后的鸡粪类型和销售路径看,养殖场户鸡粪肥料化利用方式具体有自用、免费赠送、鲜粪出售或有机肥出售等几种。对不同地区和不同规模肉鸡养殖场户鸡粪处理成本收益分析发现,当前鸡粪处理成本偏高,资源化利用带给养殖场户的经济效益不显著,且不同肉鸡品种、不同地区以及不同规模肉鸡养殖场户之间鸡粪处理的成本收益均存在较大差异。从总体上看,除了种养分离以及有机肥使用成本高,弱化了还田需求之外,鸡粪资源化处理成本高、资源化产品市场体系不健全也对鸡粪资源化利用推进产生了阻碍。因此本文建议,应合理规划种养规模和布局,加强鸡粪处理与利用的规范化管理,扶持畜禽粪便资源化处理设施建设,引导畜禽粪便资源化产品市场体系形成。

This paper is based on micro survey data from 251 broiler farming household in Shandong,Henan,Hebei,Anhui,Guangxi,and Yunnan provinces.That analyzed the cost and benefit of resource utilization of broiler manure.The results show that in addition to a small amount of waste chicken manure,fertilizer is the main direction of broiler manure resource utilization.From the types in chicken manure processed and the sales route perspective the specific utilization methods can be divided into several methods such as self-use,free gift,fresh manure sales or organic fertilizer sales.The analysis of the cost and benefit of chicken manure treatment in different regions and different scales of broiler farms found that is relatively high in cost of chicken manure treatment,the economic benefits are not significant in resource utilization of farmers.On the whole,the high cost of separation of planting and breeding and the use of organic fertilizer,which has weakened the demand for returning to the field.The high cost of resource treatment of chicken manure and the imperfect market system of resourced products have been hindered the advancement of the use in chicken manure.It is suggested that the scale and layout of planting and breeding should be rationally planned,the standardized management of chicken manure treatment and utilization should be strengthened,the construction of livestock manure resource treatment facilities should be supported and the formation of a market system for livestock manure resource products should be guide.