基于H.266/通用视频编码的帧内双模式的视频水印算法

Video watermarking algorithm based on H.266/versatile video coding with intra frame dual mode

针对现有水印算法对编码器造成较大的率失真损失的问题,结合通用视频编码(VVC)标准,提出了一种基于帧内预测模式奇偶性的视频水印算法。首先,进行第一轮粗选来计算35种偶数角度模式,并从中选出6个模式;其次,在进行第二轮粗选时,根据二值水印状态来决定是否计算第二轮粗选的奇数模式;接着,在进行矩阵加权帧内预测(MIP)和最可能模式(MPM)候选列表时,根据二值水印状态决定计算奇数模式或偶数模式;最后,选择具有最小率失真代价的模式作为最优模式以完成水印的嵌入,然后由解码端根据收到的4×4块的预测模式的奇偶性提取出水印。对9个视频序列嵌入水印,与原始编码器的算法相比,所提算法的峰值信噪比(PSNR)平均下降了0.0054 dB,码率平均上升了0.07%,每帧可嵌入的水印容量平均为625 b;与同样将水印嵌入预测模式的奇偶性的算法相比,所提算法的PSNR平均下降了0.005 dB,码率平均上升了0.06%,可嵌入的水印总容量平均为3183 b,而对比算法的PSNR平均下降了0.035 dB,码率平均上升了1.12%,可嵌入的水印总容量平均为10309 b。实验结果表明所提算法损失的率失真性能小于对比算法。

Concerning the problem that high rate-distortion loss to the encoder caused by the existing watermarking algorithm,combined with the Versatile Video Coding(VVC)standard,a video watermarking algorithm based on the parity of intra frame prediction modes was proposed.Firstly,the first round of rough selection was performed to calculate 35 evennumbered angle modes and select 6 modes from them.Secondly,during the second round of rough selection,whether to calculate the odd-numbered modes of second round rough selection was determined according to the binary watermark state.Thirdly,when Matrix weighted Intra Prediction(MIP)and the Most Probable Mode(MPM)candidate list were performed,whether to calculate the odd-or even-numbered modes was determined according to the binary watermark state.Finally,the mode with the smallest rate-distortion cost was selected as the optimal mode to complete the watermark embedding,and the watermark was extracted by the decoder according to the parity of the received 4×4 block prediction mode.Experimental results showed that when embedding wartermark in 9 video sequences,compared with the algorithm of the original encoder,the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)of the proposed algorithm was decreased by 0.0054 dB on average,the bit rate was increased by 0.07%on average,and the watermark capacity that could be embedded per frame was 625 b on average;compared with the algorithm that embedding the watermark in the parity of the prediction mode,the PSNR of the proposed algorithm was reduced by 0.0054 dB on average,the bit rate was improved by 0.06%on average,and the total watermark capacity that could be embedded was 3183 b on average,while the comparison algorithm had the PSNR reduced by 0.035 dB on average,the bit rate increased by 1.12%on average,and the total watermark capacity that could be embedded was 10309 b on average.It can be seen that the loss of the rate-distortion performance of the proposed algorithm is less than that of the comparison algorithm.