长征八号:长征火箭系列商业化与智慧化的先行者

LM-8:the Pioneer of Long March Rocket Series on the Innovations of Commercialization and Intelligence

"长征八号"(CZ-8)运载火箭充分继承了在役和新一代运载火箭的研制成果,以发射太阳同步轨道(700~1 000 km)卫星为主,兼顾近地球轨道(Low Earth Orbit,LEO)和地球同步转移轨道(Geostationary Transfer Orbit,GTO)。CZ-8设计有组合型和融合型两种配置,可面向多种任务,尤其针对商业发射市场,在快捷制造、系统集成、快响发射、自主无人值守、简化对发射场要求等方面开展了大量创新性实践,显著提升了竞争力。为应对未来智慧火箭的目标,开展了上升段应对推力下降故障的动态轨迹规划、起飞漂移主动控制、发射窗口自主修正等自主技术的研究和应用;针对重复使用的需求,采用集束式回收方案进行关键技术攻关和验证,按照分步发展的策略,在大型轻质着陆机构、自主制导方法等方面取得了阶段性进展,旨在将CZ-8努力打造成为性价比高、易用性好、安全性高的新一代中型主力火箭。

The latest innovations of the Long March 8(LM-8) launch vehicle is reviewed. The LM-8 launcher fully inherits the achievements of Chinese in-service rockets and the new generation rockets, and focuses on launching satellites to the sunsynchronous orbit(700-1 000 km), taking into account the launch services for LEO and GTO satellites. The LM-8 launcher is available in both combinatorial and integrative configurations for a variety of missions. In order to enhance market competitiveness, a series of innovative practices have been taken, including agile manufacturing, system integration, responsive launch, autonomous and unattended operation, and simplified launch site infrastructure. In response to the future trend of intelligent rockets, the autonomous technologies are explored for LM-8, such as onboard dynamic trajectory planning, active control of take-off drift, and automated launch window correction. It also paves the way for reusable launcher in steps, conducts the demonstration for vertical landing with side and core boosters strapped together, and makes progresses in large-scale light landing mechanism, autonomous guidance method, etc. These innovations eventually build the LM-8 into a new generation of medium rocket with high costeffective performance, good usability, and high reliability and safety.