重复使用运载火箭栅格舵选型设计与工艺方案研究

Research on Design and Process Program for Grid Fin of Reusable Rocket

栅格舵气动控制机构是重复使用运载火箭再入返回过程的重要姿控装置。针对重复使用运载火箭的需求,结合栅格舵的几何外形特征,从工作原理、几何特征、剖面形状、前后掠等方面介绍了栅格舵设计需重点考虑的关键设计参量及其影响;结合栅格舵薄壁、复杂外形的特点和耐高温等设计需求,研究了可用于栅格舵制造的相关工艺方案及其工艺流程,从设计难度、工艺难度、产品合格率、产品精度以及成本周期等方面对各类工艺方案进行了对比分析。研究表明:栅格舵设计需遵循"优先气动设计需求、保证结构设计要求、结合工艺及成本约束"的设计原则,且制造工艺的精确近净成型是实现栅格舵设计制造一体化的重要基础,对CZ-8R等重复火箭的相关设计工作具有一定指导意义。

Grid fin aerodynamic control mechanism is one of the reusable rocket’s key parts. The design and manufacturing of grid fin is rather complex that coupling multi-specialty and multi-link. Aimed at the requirements of the reusable rocket, key design parameters of grid fins and their influences are presented combined with the grid fin’s geometric features from the aspects of working principle, geometric features, section shape, forward and backward sweep, etc.. Considering the thin-wall complex features of lattice and the requirements of high temperature resistance, several kinds of technological schemes and process program of titanium alloy forming and composite molding which can be used in the manufacturing of grid rudder are studied. From the aspects of design difficulty, process difficulty, product qualification rate, product accuracy and cost constrains, a comparative analysis of the process programs are made. Finally, the principles of grid fin design are proposed, providing a reference for the design of the Long March-8 R(CZ-8 R) rocket and other reused rockets.