行星低频射电爆发的空间探测进展

Introduction of Space Exploration Progress for Planetary Radio Burst Emission

在低频电磁波频带,部分行星类天体不仅存在热辐射,还存在非热的爆发辐射。其中代表性的非热辐射是行星极光射电辐射爆发,包括千米波爆发、木星百米波爆发及10米波爆发。人类对太阳系的这些射电爆发已经开展了数十年的地面和空间探测,这些探测方法可以作为遥感手段拓展用于对木星磁场及其内部构造的探测。然而,关于行星射电爆发及其变化特性和机理尚未得到完全揭示,还有许多待解之谜。太阳系外其它行星系统极可能发生类似木星的低频射电爆发。随着空间探测技术的发展,射电天文学领域在低频波段的观测能力延展覆盖到了千米、10千米波长的电磁波。未来在空间采用大型低频射电阵列有可能在揭示行星爆发机理和探测系外行星方面做出贡献。已实施的"嫦娥四号"月球探测任务携带的低频射电探测设备,作为探路者有机会在地球和木星射电爆发探测方面进行探索,获得数据并积累更多的经验。

At low frequency electron-magnetic wave band, planetary bodies not only emit thermal radiation, but also emit nonthermal radiation burst. The typical emission is planetary auroral radio burst consists of planetary kilometric wave burst, Jovian radiation at hectometer and decameter wavelengths. This kind of burst has been observed on the ground and in the space for dozens of years. The developed method can also be used as remote sensing tool to detect the inner structure of Jovian magnetosphere.However, the characteristics and mechanism have not been fully understood for the solar system planetary radio burst, there are still quite a lot of open questions left. Similar radio burst may also be observed from the exoplanetary systems. Following the development of space technology, radio astronomical observation has extended to kilometer wave. In the future the large radio array at low frequency can play key role to uncover the mechanism for the planetary radio burst, and also can be used to detect the exoplanets. The Chang’e-4 lunar mission with its low frequency payloads is working as pathfinder for the Earth Auroral Kilometer Radiation(AKR) and Jovian bursts,