自贸区构建人才高地劳动标准问题研究——以劳工权利保护为视角

A Study on the Establishment of Labor Standards for Talent Highland in China’s Free Trade Zones-A Perspective of Labor Rights Protection

自贸区构建人才高地的劳动标准应着眼国际、国内两个维度。在国际维度上,应有所取舍地对标国际劳工公约的国际劳工规则和标准,借鉴美式与欧式双边自贸协定中有关劳工条款的有益经验和合理成分,为我所用;国内维度则应着力聚焦高层次人才的特殊需求和国家的制度供给水平与能力。前者提供了国际化人才所应具有的基本劳动权利保障规则,后者则体现了本国立法者意志和制度供给水平。具体来说,可以有选择地吸纳国际劳工标准的核心部分和精髓,提高人才流动自由度,以及采取更为灵活的工时制度等。在实现路径方面,除了考虑让国际通行劳工标准有条件在自贸区落地试行之外,还应在国际劳工制度的制定和修订中扮演参与者、引领者的角色。同时将美欧FTA有关跨境自然人流动精细化和实际可操作性的条款作为参照系,结合中国自贸试验区的实际需要,有条件地在区内实现中外人才和劳工的有序流动。当然,从国内立法角度着手,理应充分利用“地方立法权”和法律解释方法,最大限度扩大自贸区立法权限,实现既定政策目标。

In the establishment of labor standards for talent highland in free trade zones,both international and domestic levels should be taken into account.At the international level,the provisions and standards in the International Labor Convention(ILO)together with US and EU free trade agreements(FTA)can be referenced to and selectively adapted for China's usage.At the domestic perspective,greater importance should be attached to the special demands of high-level talents and the institutional supply capacity of the state,because the former provides basic rules guaranteeing labor rights for international talents while the later reflects the national lawmaker's legislative will and institutional supply capacity.Specifically,it is essential to assimilate the essence of international labor standards,promote the convenience of talent flow and adopt flexible work schedules.In addition to implementing the international prevailing labor standards in the FTA,we should also play the role of both participant and leader in the process of formulating and revising the international labor system.Meanwhile,it is vital to realize the orderly flow of international and domestic talents and labors in those free trade zones with possible conditions while considering the actual needs of the zones and seeking for reference the detailed and practical provisions of US and EU FTA on the movement of natural persons.Finally,in terms of domestic legislation,it is necessary to make full use of the“local legislative power”and the method of legal interpretation so as to maximize the legislative power of free trade zones and achieve policy objectives.