莎士比亚戏剧世俗性与神圣性的对立统一

The Opposition and Unity of Secularity and Sacredness in Shakespeare’s Dramas

世俗性与神圣性共存是莎士比亚戏剧的一大特质。从莎士比亚时期的戏剧演出场地、观演习惯、戏剧艺术特质和环球视点四个方面出发,可分别阐释娱乐空间与仪式空间如何构筑公共空间,观众与演员共同参与演出形成的仪式化观演关系,角色以有形的表演展现精神的无形以及用有限时空展现无限时空的时空艺术之本质,戏剧艺术综合性特质所带来的世界舞台的环球视点。借此可说明处于中世纪晚期和近代早期的莎士比亚,处在文艺复兴、宗教改革、民族国家兴起和新航路开辟的历史变革点上,其艺术作品所具有的世俗与神圣的对立统一特质。

The coexistence of secularity and sacredness constitutes a unique feature of Shakespeare’s dramas.Shakespeare’s dramas are reexamined in terms of public space,theatrical relationship,space-time art and world stage to explain how public space in drama can be integrated into commercial entertainment space and ritual space in performance,how the ritual characteristic in drama can be made use of to underscore audience and performers’joint creation,how tangible characters can display their intangible spirit in the art of theatrical performance and the limited space-time can show the infinite space-time,and how drama as a comprehensive art can be made in a world stage to present a global perspective.It is concluded that Shakespeare’s works of art produced in the late Middle Ages and early modern times,such as the historical nodes of the Renaissance,the Reformation of the Religion,the rise of nation states,and the opening of new routes,demonstrate both unity and opposition of secularity and sacredness.