揭阳市揭东区严重精神障碍流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological Survey of Severe Mental Disorders in Jiedong District of Jieyang City

目的:调查和了解揭阳市揭东区严重精神障碍流行病学特征,为该市严重精神障碍患者管理治疗提供科学依据。方法:2019年6月-2020年2月依据卫生部疾控局《严重精神障碍管理治疗工作规范(2017年版)》在揭阳市揭东区辖区内开展严重精神障碍患者线索调查,主要调查和了解严重精神障碍的患病水平和分布特征及患病率在城乡、性别、年龄、经济状况及文化程度的分布特点。结果:7个乡镇常住人口为592 400例,共检出3 137例严重精神障碍患者,检出率为0.53%;严重精神障碍病种类型中,精神分裂症发病率最高,占比73.00%,其次为精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍、癫痫所致精神障碍、双相(情感)障碍、偏执性精神病;女性、年龄30~60岁、家庭经济状况贫困、文化程度为小学及以下、就业情况为农民和在岗工人发病率均高于男性、年龄<30岁及61~70岁、家庭经济状况富裕及一般、文化程度为初中和高中及以上、就业情况为在岗管理者和专业技术人员,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同居住地发病率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:揭阳市揭东区严重精神障碍发病具有明显的流行病学特征,以女性、家庭经济较贫困、文化程度较低和就业情况为农民人群发病居多。

Objective:To investigate and understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe mental disorders in Jiedong District,Jieyang City,and to provide a scientific basis for the management and treatment of patients with severe mental disorders in the city.Method:From June 2019 to February 2020,investigation on clues of patients with severe mental disorders was conducted in Jiedong District,Jieyang City in accordance with the Norms for the Management and Treatment of Severe mental disorders (2017 Edition) issued by the CDC of the Ministry of Health,the prevalence level and distribution characteristics of severe mental disorders and the distribution characteristics of prevalence in urban and rural areas,gender,age,economic status and educational level were investigated.Result:There were 592 400 cases of permanent residents in the 7 towns,and a total of 3 137 cases of severe mental disorders were detected,with a detection rate of 0.53%.Among the types of severe mental disorders,the incidence of schizophrenia was the highest,accounting for 73.00%,followed by mental retardation accompanied by mental disorders,mental disorders caused by epilepsy,bipolar disorder (emotion),paranoid psychosis.The incidence rate of women,aged 30-60 years,family economic conditions,cultural poverty level for the primary and the following,the employment situation for farmers and on-the-job worker were higher those of male,age <30 years old and 61-70 years old,the family economy rich and general,culture degree for junior and senior high school and above,the employment situation for on-the-job managers and professional and technical personnel,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05),there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence between different residential areas (P>0.05).Conclusion:The incidence of severe mental disorders in Jiedong District of Jieyang City has obvious epidemiological characteristics.The incidence of peasant population is mostly caused by women,poor household economy,low education and employment.