水-油-冰多层介质中声波传播特性研究

Study on propagation Characteristics of acoustic waves in water-oil-ice multilayer medium

在常用及潜在的几种冰下溢油探测技术中,利用声学手段对冰下溢油进行探测的方法是目前最具有发展前景的技术手段之一。根据声波的物理性质,声波在海水中、冰层中以及石油中均可有效传播,并在不同介质的分界面,将产生反向声散射。当声波入射到海水、溢油、海冰这三种不同的介质,遇到水-油界面以及油-冰界面所产生的反向散射声波特性具有一定的差异,这些差异特征与介质的密度、黏性、厚度等介质物理属性相关联,以此判断海冰下及海水中溢油存在的判据,即可形成冰下溢油声学探测方法。本研究通过数值软件仿真和水池试验分析了海水-溢油、溢油-海冰交界面上声散射时域特性,提取表征冰下溢油的声散射特征,为进一步研究利用声学方法探测冰下溢油技术,提供理论基础。

Among the common and potential oil spill detection technologies,acoustic method is one of the most promising technologies.According to the physical properties of acoustic waves,acoustic waves can propagate effectively in seawater,ice and oil and backscattering at the interface of different media.When acoustic waves incident into three different media,the acoustic characteristics of backscattered acoustic waves generated by water-oil interface and oil-ice interface have certain differences.These differences are related to the physical properties of medium,such as density,viscosity and thickness.As the criterion of oil spill under sea ice,the acoustic detection method of oil spill under ice can be formed.In this study,the time-domain characteristics of acoustic scattering at the interface of seawater-oil and oil-sea ice were analyzed by numerical software simulation and pool experiment,and the acoustic scattering characteristics of oil spill under ice were extracted,which provides a theoretical basis for further research on the technology of detecting oil spill under ice by acoustic method.