磁共振pH成像原理及其在肿瘤酸性微环境形成机制及其发展演变中的研究进展

The principle of pH imaging with MR and its research progress on the formation mechanism and development of tumor acidic microenvironment

肿瘤组织具有独特的病理生理学特性,其中pH调节异常是肿瘤微环境的特殊标志之一。实体肿瘤的酸性微环境在其发展、侵袭及转移等恶性生物学行为中扮演着关键角色。因此能够定性定量检测肿瘤细胞外环境pH值对肿瘤的早期诊断、评价发生发展以及监测临床应用抗癌药物疗效的意义重大。MRI可无创在体、实时动态及定量对肿瘤酸性微环境进行成像检测,具有肿瘤早期诊断、正确疾病管理、指导个体化治疗、评价疗效的潜力。本综述从肿瘤酸性微环境的形成机制及其病理生理学意义出发,对目前现有的磁共振pH成像技术及方法展开评述,为设计研究新型磁共振pH成像技术提供理论依据及数据支持,促进其临床转化与应用。

Tumor tissues have unique pathophysiological characteristics,among which,the pH dysregulation becomes an important feature of the tumor microenvironment.Meanwhile,the acidic microenvironment of tumor plays a key role in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor development,invasion and metastasis.Therefore,it is of great significance to detect the pH of tumor extracellular environment for the early diagnosis of tumor,evaluating the occurrence and development of tumor and to monitor the clinical application of anticancer drugs.MRI can achieve non-invasive,in vivo,dynamic,real-time and quantitative characteristics in the imaging detection of tumor acidic microenvironment.It has the potential of diagnosing tumor earlier,guiding individual treatment as well as monitoring the curative effect of tumor treatment.This review based on the formation mechanism and pathophysiological significance of tumor acidic microenvironment,then summarizes the existing pH imaging with MR techniques and methods.In order to provide theoretical basis and data supporting for developing novel magnetic resonance pH imaging technology,thus promoting its clinical transformation and application.