粗饲料促进犊牛瘤胃发育的研究进展

Research Progress on Rumen Development of Calves Promoted by Forage

犊牛瘤胃发育与其免疫机能和生长性能紧密关联,瘤胃组织形态变化、发酵情况以及微生物区系的建立是评定瘤胃发育的重要指标。粗饲料中的纤维供给对犊牛瘤胃的健康发育起着重要的作用,增加优质粗饲料的饲喂,可以增大犊牛瘤胃容量,促进瘤胃乳头生长,并且会使瘤胃微生物区系变得更加丰富。然而,粗饲料种类繁多,且在生产中其适宜的添加水平和切割长度均不相同,对犊牛瘤胃的影响也不一致。本文综述了粗饲料来源、添加水平以及物理切割长度对犊牛瘤胃组织发育、发酵参数及微生物区系的影响,为在犊牛生产中合理利用粗饲料提供参考。

Rumen development is closely related to immune function and growth performance in calves,and rumen morphology,fermentation and the establishment of microflora are significant factors to evaluate rumen development.The dietary fiber provision plays an important role in the development of the rumen in calves.For instance,adding high-quality forage in the diet can increase the rumen capacity,improve the growth of rumen papilla as well as enrich the rumen microflora of calves.However,in dairy industry,there are so many kinds of forages with different supplementary levels and physical length,which would significantly affect rumen development in calves during early life.In this review,we summarized the effects of different forage source,supplementary level and physical length on rumen morphology,fermentation parameters and microflora in calves,which would be helpful for efficient utilization of forage in calve feeding.