不同类型白酒糟对西杂牛生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数的影响

Effects of Different Types of White Distiller’s Grains on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Simmental Crossbred Cattle

本试验旨在探讨不同类型白酒糟对西杂牛生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选取年龄(12月龄)、体重[(382.24±29.39)kg]相近的健康西杂(西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛)架子牛公牛120头,随机分为3组,每组40头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,干酒糟组和发酵酒糟组分别饲喂用4.8%的干酒糟或发酵酒糟替换基础饲粮中部分原料配制的等能等氮饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果显示:1)添加干酒糟和发酵酒糟显著提高西杂牛的干物质采食量(P<0.05),且添加发酵酒糟显著提高西杂牛的平均日增重并显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。2)发酵酒糟组中性洗涤纤维消化率显著高于对照组和干酒糟组(P<0.05)。3)添加干酒糟和发酵酒糟显著降低西杂牛血清尿素氮含量,且发酵酒糟组血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇含量显著高于干酒糟组和对照组(P<0.05)。4)发酵酒糟组瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丁酸浓度显著高于对照组和干酒糟组(P<0.05),pH显著低于对照组和干酒糟组(P<0.05);干酒糟组瘤胃液乙丙比最高,显著高于对照组和发酵酒糟组(P<0.05);干酒糟组和发酵酒糟组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加4.8%干酒糟或发酵酒糟可提高西杂牛采食量;添加4.8%发酵酒糟还可促进西杂牛瘤胃发酵,提高养分表观消化率及饲料报酬;综合比较,发酵酒糟对西杂牛的促生长效果优于干酒糟。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of white distiller’s grains on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indexes and rumen fermentation parameters of Simmental crossbred cattle.One hundred and twenty healthy Simmental crossbred bulls(Simmental×local yellow cattle)with similar body weight[(382.24±29.39)kg]and age(12 months old)were randomly divided into 3 groups with 40 bulls in each group.The animals in control group were fed a basal diet,and the animals in dry distiller’s grains group and fermented distiller’s grains group were fed equal energy equal nitrogen diets,which were prepared by replacing some raw materials in the basal diet with 4.8%dry distiller’s grains or fermented distiller’s grains,respectively.A 7-day adjustment period was followed by a 90-day experimental period.The results showed as follows:1)the additions of dry distiller’s grains and fermented distiller’s grains significantly increased the dry matter intake of Simmental crossbred cattle.Besides,the addition of fermented distiller’s grains significantly increased the average daily gain of Simmental crossbred cattle and significantly decreased the feed/gain(P<0.05).2)The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in fermented distiller’s grains group was significantly higher than that in control group and dry distiller’s grains group(P<0.05).3)The additions of dry distiller’s grains and fermented distiller’s grains significantly reduced the serum urea nitrogen content of Simmental crossbred cattle.Moreover,the contents of serum total protein,albumin,globulin and total cholesterol in fermented distiller’s grains group were significantly higher than those in dry distiller’s grains group and control group(P<0.05).4)The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids,acetate and butyrate in rumen fluid in fermented distiller’s grains group were significantly increased as compared with dry distiller’s grains group and control group(P<0.05),but the rumen fluid pH exhibited an opposite trend.The rumen fluid acetate/propionate in dry distiller’s grains group was the highest,and it was significantly higher than that in control group and fermented distiller’s grains group(P<0.05).The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid in dry distiller’s grains group and fermented distillers’grains group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding 4.8%dry distiller’s grains or fermented distiller’s grains into the diet can improve the feed intake of Simmental crossbred cattle;adding 4.8%fermented distiller’s grains can promote the rumen fermentation,increase the nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency;compared comprehensively,the growth promotion effect of fermented distiller’s grains is better than that of dry distiller’s grains.