不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维饲粮对高原型藏羊复胃形态发育的影响

Effects of Diets with Different Ratios of Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber on Morphological Development of Compound Stomach of Plateau Type Tibetan Sheep

本试验旨在探究不同非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)/中性洗涤纤维(NDF)饲粮对育成期高原型藏羊复胃形态发育的影响。选择2~4胎次、体况良好、体重[(26.38±0.43)kg]相近的4月龄高原型藏羊30只,依据性别分为3个公羊组(M1组、M2组、M3组)和3个母羊组(F1组、F2组、F3组),每组5只,分别饲喂NFC/NDF为2.20(精粗比为70∶30,F1组和M1组)、1.39(精粗比为50∶50,F2组和M2组)和0.92(精粗比为30∶70,F3组和M3组)的试验饲粮。饲养试验的试验期为105 d,其中预试期为15 d,正试期为90 d。结果显示:1)瘤胃组织形态方面,公羊的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度、乳头长度、乳头宽度、肌层厚度及中央肌层厚度与饲粮NFC/NDF呈负相关;F3组母羊的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度、乳头长度、乳头宽度及肌层厚度显著大于F1组(P<0.05)。2)网胃组织形态方面,M3组公羊的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度和乳头宽度显著大于M1组(P<0.05);F3组母羊的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度、乳头长度、乳头宽度与中央肌层厚度显著大于F1组(P<0.05)。3)瓣胃组织形态方面,藏羊的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度、乳头长度、乳头宽度、肌层厚度和中央肌层厚度均随饲粮NFC/NDF的减小而增大,其中F3组母羊的中央肌层厚度显著大于F1组(P<0.05)。4)皱胃组织形态方面,公羊的角质层厚度、黏膜层厚度、黏膜下层厚度及肌层厚度均以M3组最大,其中M2组和M3组公羊的黏膜下层厚度显著大于M1组(P<0.05);F3组母羊的黏膜层厚度、黏膜下层厚度以及肌层厚度均显著大于F1组和F2组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮NFC/NDF影响高原型藏羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃的组织形态,饲喂NFC/NDF为0.92饲粮的藏羊的复胃形态发育优于饲喂NFC/NDF为2.20和1.39饲粮的藏羊。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of diets with different ratios of non-fibrous carbohydrate to neutral detergent fiber(NFC/NDF)on the morphological development of compound stomach of plateau type Tibetan sheep.Thirty healthy 4-month-old Tibetan sheep with 2 to 4 parities under similar body weight[(26.38±0.43)kg]were randomly divided into six groups according to gender:three raw groups(M1 group,M2 group and M3 group)and three ewe group(F1 group,F2 group and F3 group),and each group had five sheep.They were fed diets with NFC/NDF of 2.20(concentrate to forage ratio of 70∶30,F1 group and M1 group),1.39(concentrate to forage ratio of 50∶50,F2 group and M2 group)and 0.92(concentrate to forage ratio of 30∶70,F3 group and M3 group),respectively.The feeding experiment was conducted for a period of 105 d,including 15 d pre-test period and 90 d test period.The results showed as follows:1)for the tissue morphology of rumen,the corneum thickness,granular layer thickness,nipple length,nipple width,muscular thickness and central muscular thickness of rams were negatively correlated with dietary NFC/NDF;the corneum thickness,granular layer thickness,nipple length,nipple width and muscular thickness of ewes in F3 group were significantly greater than those in F1 group(P<0.05).2)For the tissue morphology of reticulum,the corneum thickness,granular layer thickness and nipple width of rams in M3 group were significantly greater than those in M1 group(P<0.05);the corneum thickness,granular layer thickness,papilla length,papilla width and central muscular thickness of ewes in F3 group were significantly greater than those in F1 group(P<0.05).3)For the tissue morphology of omasum,the corneum thickness,granular layer thickness,papilla length,papilla width,muscular thickness and central muscular thickness of Tibetan sheep increased with the decrease of dietary NFC/NDF.The central muscular thickness of ewes in F3 group was significantly greater than that in F1 group(P<0.05).4)For the tissue morphology of abomasum,the corneum thickness,mucosal layer thickness,submucosa thickness and muscular thickness of rams in M3 group were the highest,and the submucosa thickness of rams in M2 group and M3 group was significantly greater than that in M1 group(P<0.05);the mucosal layer thickness,submucosa thickness and muscular thickness of ewes in F3 group were significantly greater than those in F1 group and F2 group(P<0.05).In summary,dietary NFC/NDF has effects on the tissue morphology of rumen,reticulum,omasum and abomasum of plateau type Tibetan sheep,and the morphological development of compound stomach of the Tibetan sheep fed diet with NFC/NDF of 0.92 is better than the Tibetan sheep fed diets with NFC/NDF of 2.20 and 1.39.