饮水中添加复合维生素纳米乳对生长獭兔生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、肠道组织结构及盲肠微生态的影响

Effects of Multivitamin Nanoemulsion on Growth Performance,Immune Function,Antioxidant Ability,Intestinal Tissue Structure and Cecal Microecology of Growing Rex Rabbits

本试验采用纳米乳技术制备复合维生素纳米乳,研究在饮水中添加复合维生素纳米乳对生长獭兔生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、肠道组织结构及盲肠微生态的影响。选取30日龄断奶、体重接近的健康獭兔150只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只(公母各占1/2)。其中,对照组Ⅰ饲喂含维生素(100%营养标准)的颗粒料,饮水中不添加复合维生素纳米乳;对照组Ⅱ饲喂含维生素(100%营养标准)的颗粒料,饮水中添加吐温-80+丙三醇(与试验组Ⅱ相同配比);试验组Ⅰ饲喂不含维生素的颗粒料,饮水中添加含营养标准80%的复合维生素纳米乳;试验组Ⅱ饲喂不含维生素的颗粒料,饮水中添加含营养标准100%的复合维生素纳米乳;试验组Ⅲ饲喂不含维生素的颗粒料,饮水中添加含营养标准120%的复合维生素纳米乳。试验期为61 d,其中预试期5 d,正试期56 d。结果显示:与对照组Ⅰ相比,1)第1~28天,对照组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅰ的腹泻率和腹泻死亡率均显著降低(P<0.05),第29~56天,试验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ的平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),而料重比差异不显著(P>0.05);2)试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的胸腺指数显著降低(P<0.05),对照组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅱ的蚓突长度显著减少(P<0.05),试验组Ⅰ、Ⅲ的肝脏指数显著升高(P<0.05);3)对照组Ⅱ血液超氧化物歧化酶活性和试验组Ⅱ血液总抗氧化能力显著增加(P<0.05);4)对照组Ⅱ回肠绒毛高度极显著增加(P<0.01),试验组Ⅰ回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),对照组Ⅱ和各试验组回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度均极显著增加(P<0.01),对照组Ⅱ回肠单层柱状上皮中淋巴细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05);5)试验组Ⅱ盲肠菌群中厚壁菌门、疣微菌科、疣微菌科UCG-014的相对丰度均显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饮水中添加含营养标准100%的复合维生素纳米乳能够在一定程度上增强生长獭兔的免疫功能和抗氧化能力,并改善其肠道组织结构和盲肠微生态环境。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of multivitamin nanoemulsion on growth performance,immune function,antioxidant ability,intestinal tissue structure and cecal microecology of growing Rex rabbits.A total of 150 healthy weaned Rex rabbits at the age of 30 days and similar body weight were selected,and randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 repetitions in each group and 10 rabbits(half male and half female)in each repetition.Rabbits in control groupⅠwere fed a granulated feed containing vitamins(100%nutritional standard),normal drinking water;rabbits in control groupⅡfed the same granulated feed with control groupⅠ,but the drinking water added Twain-80+glycerol(the contents of them were the same as test groupⅡ);rabbits in test groups were fed the granulated feed without vitamins,and test groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere added multivitamin nanoemulsion including 80%,100%and 120%nutritional standard vitamins in drinking water.The experiment lasted for 61 days including a 5-day preliminary period and a 56-day test period.The results showed as follows:compared with control groupⅠ,1)on day 1 to 28,the diarrhea rate and diarrhea mortality were significantly reduced in control groupⅡand test groupⅠ(P<0.05),on day 29 to 56,the average daily feed intake was significantly reduced in test groupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05),while the feed/gain was not significant difference(P>0.05);2)the thymus index was significantly reduced in test groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05),the appendix length was significantly reduced in control groupⅡand test groupⅡ(P<0.05),and the liver index was significantly increased in test groupsⅠandⅢ(P<0.05);3)the blood total antioxidant capacity in test groupⅡand blood superoxide dismutase activity in control groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05);4)the villus height of ileum was significantly increased in control groupⅡ(P<0.01),the crypt depth of ileum was significantly reduced in test groupⅠ(P<0.05),and the villus height/crypt depth of ileum was significantly increased in all test groups and control groupⅡ(P<0.01),the lymphocyte cell proportion in simple columnar epithelium of ileum was significantly increased in control groupⅡ(P<0.05);5)the relative abundances of Firmicutes,Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 in cecum were significantly reduced in test groupⅡ(P<0.05).It is concluded that adding multivitamin nanoemulsion containing the nutritional standard of 100%into the drinking water can enhance the immune function and antioxidant ability,improve the intestinal tissue structure and cecal microecology of growing Rex rabbits.