过渡季节特殊天气下校园室外热舒适研究

Study on outdoor thermal comfort of campus under special high temperature climate in transition season

室外热环境对正在室外活动的人员产生多种影响,对过渡季节特殊天气下校园室外热舒适开展研究,是有效地评估和改善校园热环境的重要前提。文章在济南某高校校园树荫道、操场、教学楼前广场和报告厅前广场进行气象要素观测和问卷调查,研究了9月下旬的室外热环境,并利用热舒适度指标分析了不同景观空间的人体舒适度。结果表明:测试期间的日最高空气温度比往年同期温度高5.6℃,温度对室外热环境的影响程度占47.8%;4个测点均有>60%的人员感到舒适,其中16∶00~17∶00,树荫道感到舒适的人员高达93.3%,操场感到舒适人员在63.9%~92.7%之间波动;运用线性回归的方法,得出济南某高校的中性生理等效温度和通用热气候指数范围分别为25.2~28.4℃和25.2~27.9℃。

Outdoor thermal environment has a variety of effects on people who are outdoors,especially for university campuses.It is an important premise to evaluate and improve the campus thermal environment effectively to study the outdoor thermal comfort of campus under special weather in transitional season.In this paper,through the observation and questionnaire survey of meteorological elements in the tree shade road,playground,the square in front of the teaching building and the square in front of the lecture hall,the outdoor thermal environment under the high-temperature climatic conditions in late September of a university in Jinan was studied,and the human comfort in different landscape spaces through field tests and questionnaires was analyzed.The results showed that the daily maximum air temperature during the test period was 5.6℃higher than the same period.The influence of temperature on outdoor thermal environment accounted for 47.8%.More than 60%of the staff felt comfortable,among which 93.3%of the staff felt comfortable in the shade from 16∶00 to 17∶00.The percentage of people who felt comfortable on the playground varied between 63.9%and 92.7%.Using linear regression,the ranges of neutral physiological equivalent temperature and universal thermal climate index of one compus in Jinan were 25.2~28.4℃and 25.2~27.9℃,respectively.